Successful gene therapy depends on the design of effective gene delivery systems. A gene delivery system is considered a powerful tool for the release of genetic material within cells resulting in a change in cell functions and protein production. The release of genes in a controlled manner by using appropriate carriers facilitates their release without side effects and increases the expression of genes at the released site. It is expected that significant changes in the combination of several genes and drugs can be provided by developing treatment systems sensitive to different stimuli such as redox potential, pH variations, temperature gradients, light irradiation, and enzyme activity. The most important advantages for the release of genes and stimuli-responsive therapeutics include delivering vectors locally, reducing side effects and causing no toxicity to distant tissues while at the same time reducing the immune response to the vectors. In this review, we aim to discuss different types of gene carriers involved in the controlled transfer of nucleic acids (non-viral inorganic and organic nanoparticles (NPs) and virus-like particles (VLPs)) as well as the simultaneous transfer of several genes and/or drugs into cells or different tissues, providing for an efficient and safe treatment of numerous diseases.

中文翻译：

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受控基因传递系统：纳米材料和化学方法。

成功的基因治疗取决于有效的基因递送系统的设计。基因传递系统被认为是释放细胞内遗传物质从而改变细胞功能和蛋白质产量的有力工具。通过使用适当的载体以受控方式释放基因，可促进其释放而无副作用，并增加基因在释放位点的表达。预期通过开发对不同刺激敏感的处理系统，例如氧化还原电势，pH值变化，温度梯度，光照射和酶活性，可以提供几种基因和药物组合的显着变化。释放基因和刺激反应性疗法的最重要优势包括局部递送载体，减少副作用并且对远处组织不产生毒性，同时减少对载体的免疫反应。在这篇综述中，我们旨在讨论与核酸受控转移有关的不同类型的基因载体（非病毒无机和有机纳米颗粒（NPs）和类病毒颗粒（VLP））以及几种基因的同时转移和/或将药物植入细胞或不同组织中，可以有效，安全地治疗多种疾病。