Performance of Self Amplifed Spontaneous Emission (SASE) operation for an X-ray Free-Electron Laser (FEL), is optimized by Multiple Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEA). Different types of hybrid planar undulators are considered to achieve 0.5 Å ≤ λ_FEL ≤ 1.5 Å wavelength range. This demand is regarded as a continuous optimization problem, and hence, an evolutionary algorithm is designed to find optimal FEL performance parameters. An encoding scheme comprising of undulator period (λ_u) and undulator gap (g) is adopted here to find optimal values for saturation power (P_sat) and λ_FEL subject to several physical constraints on λ_u and g such as the ratio of g/λ_u and L_sat. It is shown that MOEA gives optimal solutions for estimation of L_sat with plausible P_sat values.

中文翻译：

---

使用多目标进化算法优化X射线自由电子激光器的SASE操作

通过多目标进化算法（MOEA）优化了X射线自由电子激光器（FEL）的自增强自发发射（SASE）性能。不同类型的混合平面波荡器被认为可以达到_{0.5Å≤λFEL≤1.5Å的}波长范围。该需求被视为一个连续的优化问题，因此，设计了一种进化算法来找到最佳的FEL性能参数。包括波荡期间的编码方案（λ _ù）和波荡间隙（G）在这里被采用以找到饱和功率（P最佳值_饱和）和λ _FEL受上λ几个物理约束_ù和g如克的比例/λ _ü和L_饱和。结果表明，MOEA给出了用合理的P _sat值估算L _sat的最佳解决方案。