As natural nanoparticles, exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles that are enclosed by a lipid bilayer and contain various cargos, including miRNA, mRNA, DNA and proteins. Exosomes have rapidly gained attention as a highly promising cell-free therapy. Because the cargo of exosomes changes with the changes in parent cells and status, exosomes from different types of cells may exhibit different biological effects. Considering the particularity of oral tissue stem cells, their exosomes were isolated and used to examine their related biological functions and the possibility of replacing stem cells. A variety of exosomes of oral tissue stem cells were studied, and the results revealed many special biological characteristics of these exosomes and their parent cells, especially immunomodulation, osteogenesis, odontogenesis, neuroprotection, nerve regeneration, wound healing, skin regeneration and vascularization. The oral tissue stem cell exosomes may be loaded with drugs or genes and act as tools for tumor treatment. The relevant results showed that exosomes from oral tissue stem cells were potent therapeutic tools. The present review focuses on the biological function and application of oral tissue stem cell-derived exosomes.

中文翻译：

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口腔组织干细胞的外泌体：生物学作用和应用。

作为天然纳米粒子，外来体是一种被脂质双层包裹的细胞外囊泡，其中包含多种货物，包括miRNA，mRNA，DNA和蛋白质。外来体已作为高度有前途的无细胞疗法迅速受到关注。由于外泌体的货物随亲代细胞和状态的变化而变化，因此来自不同类型细胞的外泌体可能表现出不同的生物学效应。考虑到口腔组织干细胞的特殊性，分离了它们的外泌体，并用于检查其相关的生物学功能以及替换干细胞的可能性。对口腔组织干细胞的各种外泌体进行了研究，结果揭示了这些外泌体及其亲代细胞的许多特殊生物学特性，特别是免疫调节，成骨作用，牙本质发生，神经保护，神经再生，伤口愈合，皮肤再生和血管生成。口腔组织干细胞外泌体可能载有药物或基因，并充当肿瘤治疗的工具。相关结果表明，口腔组织干细胞的外泌体是有效的治疗工具。本文综述了口腔组织干细胞来源的外泌体的生物学功能和应用。