Various Asparagus species constitute the significant vegetable and medicinal genetic resource throughout the world. Asparagus species serve as important commodity of food and pharmaceutical industries in India. A diverse collection of Asparagus species from different localities of Northwest India was investigated for its genetic diversity using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Polymorphic SSR markers revealed high genetic diversity. Primer SSR-15 amplified maximum of 8 fragments while 3 primers, namely, SSR-43, SSR-63, and AGA1 amplified minimum of 3 fragments. Collectively, 122 alleles were amplified in a range between 3 and 8 with an average of 5 alleles per marker. The size of the amplified alleles ranged between 90 and 680 base pairs. Polymorphism information content (PIC) value varied from a highest value of 0.499 in primer AGA1 to a lowest value of 0.231 in primer SSR-63 with a mean value of 0.376 showing considerable SSR polymorphism. Dendrogram developed on the basis of Jaccard’s similarity coefficient and neighbor-joining tree segregated all the studied Asparagus species into two discrete groups. Structure analysis based on Bayesian clustering allocated different accessions to two independent clusters and exhibited low level of individual admixture. The genetic diversity analysis showed a conservative genetic background for maximum species of asparagus. Only Accessions of Asparagus adscendens were split into two diverse clusters suggesting a wide genetic base of this species as compared to other species. Overall genetic diversity was high, and this germplasm of Asparagus can be used in future improvement programs. The findings of current research on Asparagus germplasm can make a momentous contribution to initiatives of interbreeding, conservation, and improvement of Asparagus in future.

中文翻译：

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使用SSR标记分析芦笋物种的遗传多样性和种群结构。

各种芦笋种类构成了全世界重要的蔬菜和药用遗传资源。芦笋是印度食品和制药工业的重要商品。使用简单序列重复（SSR）标记研究了印度西北不同地区的芦笋物种的多样性，以了解其遗传多样性。多态性SSR标记显示高遗传多样性。SSR-15引物最多扩增8个片段，而SSR-43，SSR-63和AGA1 3个引物扩增最少3个片段。总共扩增了122个等位基因，范围介于3和8之间，每个标记平均5个等位基因。扩增的等位基因的大小在90至680个碱基对之间。多态信息内容（PIC）值从最高值0开始变化。引物AGA1中的499为最低值，而引物SSR-63中的最低值为0.231，平均值为0.376，显示出相当大的SSR多态性。根据雅卡德相似系数发展的树状图，相邻树将所有研究的芦笋物种分为两个离散的组。基于贝叶斯聚类的结构分析将不同的种质分配给两个独立的聚类，并且表现出较低水平的单个外加剂。遗传多样性分析显示，芦笋的最大种类具有保守的遗传背景。仅芦笋种被分成两个不同的簇，这表明该物种与其他物种相比具有广泛的遗传基础。总体遗传多样性很高，这种芦笋种质可用于未来的改良计划。