Camelina sativa (gold-of-pleasure) is a traditional European oilseed crop and emerging biofuel source with high levels of desirable fatty acids. A twentieth century germplasm bottleneck depleted genetic diversity in the crop, leading to recent interest in using wild relatives for crop improvement. However, little is known about seed oil content and genetic diversity in wild Camelina species. We used gas chromatography, environmental niche assessment, and genotyping-by-sequencing to assess seed fatty acid composition, environmental distributions, and population structure in C. sativa and four congeners, with a primary focus on the crop’s wild progenitor, C. microcarpa. Fatty acid composition differed significantly between Camelina species, which occur in largely non-overlapping environments. The crop progenitor comprises three genetic subpopulations with discrete fatty acid compositions. Environment, subpopulation, and population-by-environment interactions were all important predictors for seed oil in these wild populations. A complementary growth chamber experiment using C. sativa confirmed that growing conditions can dramatically affect both oil quantity and fatty acid composition in Camelina. Genetics, environmental conditions, and genotype-by-environment interactions all contribute to fatty acid variation in Camelina species. These insights suggest careful breeding may overcome the unfavorable FA compositions in oilseed crops that are predicted with warming climates.

中文翻译：

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遗传和环境之间的相互作用决定了亚麻荠籽油的成分。

Camelina sativa（快乐黄金）是一种传统的欧洲油籽作物和新兴生物燃料来源，含有高含量的理想脂肪酸。二十世纪的种质瓶颈耗尽了作物的遗传多样性，导致最近人们对利用野生近缘种进行作物改良产生了兴趣。然而，人们对野生亚麻荠物种的种子油含量和遗传多样性知之甚少。我们使用气相色谱法、环境生态位评估和测序基因分型来评估苜蓿和四种同系物的种子脂肪酸组成、环境分布和种群结构，主要关注作物的野生祖先小果苜蓿。亚麻荠属物种之间的脂肪酸组成存在显着差异，这些物种主要存在于不重叠的环境中。作物祖先包含三个具有离散脂肪酸组成的遗传亚群。环境、亚种群以及种群与环境之间的相互作用都是这些野生种群种子油的重要预测因素。使用苜蓿进行的补充生长室实验证实，生长条件可以显着影响亚麻荠中的油量和脂肪酸组成。遗传学、环境条件和基因型与环境的相互作用都会导致亚麻荠物种的脂肪酸变异。这些见解表明，精心育种可以克服气候变暖导致的油籽作物中不利的 FA 成分。