Protein kinases (PKs) play an important role in signaling cascades and are one of the largest and most conserved protein super families in plants. Despite their importance, the woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) kinome and expression patterns of PK genes remain to be characterized. Here, we report on the identification and classification of 954 Fragaria vesca PK genes, which were classified into nine groups and 124 gene families. These genes were distributed unevenly among the seven chromosomes, and the number of introns per gene varied from 0 to 47. Almost half of the putative PKs were predicted to localize to the nucleus and 24.6% were predicted to localize to the cell membrane. The expansion of the woodland strawberry PK gene family occurred via different duplication mechanisms and tandem duplicates occurred relatively late as compared to other duplication types. Moreover, we found that tandem and transposed duplicated PK gene pairs had undergone stronger diversifying selection and evolved relatively faster than WGD genes. The GO enrichment and transcriptome analysis implicates the involvement of strawberry PK genes in multiple biological processes and molecular functions in differential tissues, especially in pollens. Finally, 109 PKs, mostly the receptor-like kinases (RLKs), were found transcriptionally responsive to Botrytis cinerea infection. The findings of this research expand the understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of PK genes in plant species and provide a potential link between cell signaling pathways and pathogen attack.

中文翻译：

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野草莓激酶组：在发育过程中以及对灰霉菌感染的反应中蛋白激酶的鉴定，分类和转录谱分析。

蛋白激酶（PKs）在信号级联中起重要作用，并且是植物中最大，最保守的蛋白超家族之一。尽管它们的重要性，林地草莓（Fragaria vesca）的kinome和PK基因的表达模式仍有待表征。在这里，我们报告的识别和分类的954草莓PK基因，被分为9组和124个基因家族。这些基因在七个染色体之间分布不均，每个基因的内含子数量从0到47不等。预计将近一半的推定PK定位于细胞核，预计24.6％定位于细胞膜。与其他复制类型相比，林地草莓PK基因家族的扩展是通过不同的复制机制发生的，串联复制发生的时间相对较晚。此外，我们发现串联和转置重复的PK基因对已经经历了比WGD基因更强的多样化选择和相对更快的进化。GO富集和转录组分析表明草莓PK基因参与了不同组织（尤其是花粉）的多种生物学过程和分子功能。最后，发现109 PKs，主要是灰葡萄孢（Botrytis cinerea）感染的转录应答性蛋白，主要是受体样激酶（RLKs）。