OBJECTIVE We investigated whether the mid-term impact (1 week posttraining) of a "combined cognitive rehabilitation (CRP)/transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) program" on the performance of a Go/No-go task was enhanced compared with isolated CRP and whether it varied according to the stimulation site (right inferior frontal gyrus [rIFG] vs right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [rDLPFC]). METHODS A total of 150 healthy participants were assigned to (1) an Inhibition Training (IT) group, (2) a group receiving active tDCS over the rIFG in combination with IT (IT + IF), (3) a group receiving active tDCS over the rDLPFC in combination with IT (IT + DL), (4) a group receiving IT with sham tDCS (ITsham), and (5) a No-Training (NT) group to control for test-retest effects. Each group undertook 3 sessions of a Go/No-go task concomitant with the recording of event-related potentials (T0, before training; T1, at the end of a 4-day training session [20 minutes each day]; T2, 1 week after T1). RESULTS With the exception of the NT participants, all the groups exhibited improved performances at T2. The IT + DL group exhibited the best improvement profile, indexed by faster response times (RTs) (T0 > T1 = T2), with a reduced rate of errors at the posttraining sessions compared with both T0 and T1. This "inhibitory learning effect" was neurophysiologically indexed by shorter No-go N2d latencies and enhanced No-go P3d amplitudes. CONCLUSION CRP combined with active tDCS over the rDLPFC appears to be optimal for boosting long-term (one week) inhibitory skills as it induced specific and robust neural changes.

中文翻译：

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经颅直流电刺激与认知训练相结合，通过不同刺激部位的不同神经反应诱导反应抑制促进：一项后续事件相关电位研究

目的 我们调查了“联合认知康复 (CRP)/经颅直流电刺激 (tDCS) 计划”对执行/不执行任务的表现的中期影响（训练后 1 周）与单独的 CRP 相比是否得到增强以及它是否根据刺激部位而变化（右侧额下回 [rIFG] 与右侧背外侧前额叶皮层 [rDLPFC]）。方法 总共 150 名健康参与者被分配到 (1) 抑制训练 (IT) 组，(2) 通过 rIFG 结合 IT (IT + IF) 接受主动 tDCS 的组，(3) 接受主动 tDCS 的组rDLPFC 与 IT (IT + DL) 相结合，(4) 一组使用假 tDCS (ITsham) 接受 IT，以及 (5) 一个无训练 (NT) 组以控制测试-再测试效果。每组进行 3 次 Go/No-Go 任务，同时记录事件相关电位（T0，训练前；T1，4 天训练结束时 [每天 20 分钟]；T2，1 T1 后一周）。结果 除了 NT 参与者外，所有组在 T2 时都表现出改善的表现。IT + DL 组表现出最好的改进概况，以更快的响应时间 (RT) (T0 > T1 = T2) 为指标，与 T0 和 T1 相比，训练后课程的错误率降低。这种“抑制性学习效应”在神经生理学上由更短的 No-go N2d 延迟和增强的 No-go P3d 振幅指示。结论 CRP 与 rDLPFC 上的活性 tDCS 相结合似乎是提高长期（一周）抑制技能的最佳选择，因为它会诱导特异性和稳健的神经变化。