Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a major threat to global public health and is one of the key human pathogens in healthcare (nosocomial and community-acquired)-associated infections. Moreover, A. baumannii rapidly develops resistance to multiple antibiotics and is now globally regarded as a serious multidrug resistant pathogen. There is an urgent need to develop novel vaccines and immunotherapeutics as alternatives to antibiotics for clinical management of A. baumannii infection. However, our knowledge of host immune responses to A. baumannii infection and the identification of novel therapeutic targets are significantly lacking. This review highlights the recent advances and critical gaps in our understanding how A. baumannii interacts with the host innate pattern-recognition receptors, induces a cascade of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses, and recruits innate immune effectors (such as neutrophils and macrophages) to the site of infection for effective control of the infection. Such knowledge will facilitate the identification of new targets for the design and development of effective therapeutics and vaccines to fight this emerging threat.

鲍曼不动杆菌已经成为对全球公共卫生的主要威胁，并且是医疗保健（医院和社区获得的）相关感染中的主要人类病原体之一。此外，鲍曼不动杆菌迅速发展出对多种抗生素的抗药性，现在被全球视为一种严重的多药耐药性病原体。迫切需要开发新的疫苗和免疫治疗药物作为抗生素的临床替代品。鲍曼不动杆菌感染。但是，我们对宿主对鲍曼不动杆菌感染和新的治疗靶标的鉴定非常缺乏。这篇评论着重介绍了我们在了解如何鲍曼不动杆菌与宿主先天性模式识别受体相互作用，诱导炎症性细胞因子和趋化因子反应的级联，并将先天性免疫效应因子（如中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞）募集到感染部位，以有效控制感染。这些知识将有助于确定新的目标，以设计和开发有效的疗法和疫苗，以应对这一新出现的威胁。