The impact of climate change on migration has gained both academic and public interest in recent years. Here we employ a meta-analysis approach to synthesize the evidence from 30 country-level studies that estimate the effect of slow- and rapid-onset events on migration worldwide. Most studies find that environmental hazards affect migration, although with contextual variation. Migration is primarily internal or to low- and middle-income countries. The strongest relationship is found in studies with a large share of countries outside the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, particularly from Latin America and the Caribbean and sub-Saharan Africa, and in studies of middle-income and agriculturally dependent countries. Income and conflict moderate and partly explain the relationship between environmental change and migration. Combining our estimates for differential migration responses with the observed environmental change in these countries in recent decades illustrates how the meta-analytic results can provide useful insights for the identification of potential hotspots of environmental migration.

近年来，气候变化对移民的影响已引起学术界和公众的关注。在这里，我们采用荟萃分析的方法来综合来自30个国家/地区级研究的证据，这些研究估计了慢速发作和快速发作事件对全球移民的影响。多数研究发现，环境危害会影响迁移，尽管会因环境而异。移徙主要是内部的或向中低收入国家的。与经济合作与发展组织以外的许多国家的研究，特别是来自拉丁美洲和加勒比以及撒哈拉以南非洲国家的研究，以及对中等收入和依赖农业的国家的研究，都发现了最紧密的关系。收入和冲突适度，部分解释了环境变化与移民之间的关系。