ABSTRACT

Introduction

Infectious pathogens are global disrupters. Progress in biomedical science and technology has expanded the public health arsenal against infectious diseases. Specifically, vaccination has reduced the burden of infectious pathogens. Engineering systemic immunity by harnessing the cutaneous immune network has been particularly attractive since the skin is an easily accessible immune-responsive organ. Recent advances in skin-targeted drug delivery strategies have enabled safe, patient-friendly, and controlled deployment of vaccines to cutaneous microenvironments for inducing long-lived pathogen-specific immunity to mitigate infectious diseases, including COVID-19.

Areas covered

This review briefly discusses the basics of cutaneous immunomodulation and provides a concise overview of emerging skin-targeted drug delivery systems that enable safe, minimally invasive, and effective intracutaneous administration of vaccines for engineering systemic immune responses to combat infectious diseases.

Expert opinion

In-situ engineering of the cutaneous microenvironment using emerging skin-targeted vaccine delivery systems offers remarkable potential to develop diverse immunization strategies against pathogens. Mechanistic studies with standard correlates of vaccine efficacy will be important to compare innovative intracutaneous drug delivery strategies to each other and to existing clinical approaches. Cost-benefit analyses will be necessary for developing effective commercialization strategies. Significant involvement of industry and/or government will be imperative for successfully bringing novel skin-targeted vaccine delivery methods to market for their widespread use.

中文翻译：

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新兴的皮肤靶向药物递送策略以提高免疫力：重点关注传染病

摘要

介绍

传染性病原体是全球破坏者。生物医学科学和技术的进步扩大了公共卫生对抗传染病的武器库。具体来说，疫苗接种减少了传染性病原体的负担。通过利用皮肤免疫网络来工程系统免疫一直特别有吸引力，因为皮肤是一个容易接近的免疫反应器官。皮肤靶向药物递送策略的最新进展使疫苗能够安全、对患者友好和受控地部署到皮肤微环境中，以诱导长寿命的病原体特异性免疫，以减轻包括 COVID-19 在内的传染病。

涵盖的领域

这篇综述简要讨论了皮肤免疫调节的基础知识，并简要概述了新兴的皮肤靶向药物递送系统，这些系统能够安全、微创和有效地皮内注射疫苗，以工程化全身免疫反应来对抗传染病。

专家意见

使用新兴的皮肤靶向疫苗递送系统对皮肤微环境进行原位工程改造，为开发针对病原体的多种免疫策略提供了巨大的潜力。与疫苗效力的标准相关性的机制研究对于将创新的皮内药物递送策略相互比较以及与现有的临床方法进行比较非常重要。成本效益分析对于制定有效的商业化战略是必要的。工业界和/或政府的大力参与对于成功地将新型皮肤靶向疫苗递送方法推向市场以供广泛使用至关重要。