This first comprehensive investigation of microbioerosion traces in polar barnacles addresses two bathymetrical transects from the intertidal down to subtidal water depths in two different carbonate factories in the Svalbard Archipelago: the bay Mosselbukta and the ocean bank Bjornoy-Banken. Scanning electron microscopy of epoxy resin casts of barnacle shells yielded 20 different microendolithic bioerosion traces, probably produced by cyanobacteria (three), chlorophytes (two), rhodophytes (one), sponges (one), foraminifera (three), fungi (nine) and bacteria (one). The lowest ichnodiversity in both locations was observed in the shallow euphotic zone and is likely a result of strong temperature fluctuations, extreme seasonality of light levels and episodic sea-ice cover. At 25–150 m water depth, the ichnodiversity remains relatively constant (9–13 ichnospecies), albeit with differing ichnospecies composition, generally dominated by borings from chlorophytes and fungi. Ichnotaxa at Mosselbukta and Bjornoy-Banken were similar in numbers but differed in abundance and slightly also in ichnospecies composition. Statistical tests indicate that water depth (affecting the availability of light) is the most significant driver for the development of different microbioerosion trace assemblages across the bathymetrical transects. In contrast, no significant differences in ichnodisparity were found, indicating a comparable suite of architectural designs of the micro-borings throughout bathymetry and location. The comparison of our results with literature data confirms a decrease in ichnodiversity from lower to higher latitudes, although targeted bioerosion analyses from other polar environments are needed to gain a more complete picture of the role of bioerosion in polar carbonate factories.

中文翻译：

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斯瓦尔巴极地藤壶中微生物侵蚀痕迹的物种多样性和测深范围

对极地藤壶中微生物侵蚀痕迹的首次全面调查涉及斯瓦尔巴群岛两个不同碳酸盐工厂中从潮间带到潮下水深度的两个测深断面：Mosselbukta 湾和 Bjornoy-Banken 大洋岸。藤壶外壳的环氧树脂铸件的扫描电子显微镜产生了 20 种不同的微内石生物侵蚀痕迹，可能由蓝藻（三种）、叶绿素（两种）、红藻（一种）、海绵（一种）、有孔虫（三种）、真菌（九种）和细菌（一）。在浅层透光区观察到这两个位置的鱼类多样性最低，这可能是强烈的温度波动、光照水平的极端季节性和偶发性海冰覆盖的结果。在 25-150 m 水深，鱼类多样性保持相对稳定（9-13 个鱼类物种），尽管鱼类物种组成不同，通常以叶绿植物和真菌的钻孔为主。Mosselbukta 和 Bjornoy-Banken 的 Ichnotaxa 数量相似，但丰度和鱼类物种组成略有不同。统计测试表明，水深（影响光的可用性）是在测深断面上形成不同微生物侵蚀痕迹组合的最重要驱动因素。相比之下，没有发现 ichnodisparity 的显着差异，表明在整个测深和位置上，微钻孔的建筑设计套件具有可比性。我们的结果与文献数据的比较证实了从低纬度到高纬度的鱼类多样性下降，