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Decomposition Pathways of Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN) and its HNO3‐Clusters Elucidated by DFT‐Calculations
Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-14 , DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000165
Johannes Lang 1 , Manfred A. Bohn 1
Affiliation  

Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) may serve as a ‘green’ oxidizer for rocket propellants since it provides chlorine free and minimum signature exhaust gases. However, stability issues and an erratic decomposition behaviour limit its non‐questionable general usability. Nitric acid (HNO3) is a decomposition product of ADN and is known to accelerate the decomposition autocatalytically. In this study, we investigate the effect of HNO3 on the initial decomposition steps of ADN via quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) in vacuo as well as in an aqueous solution. We establish and compare the reaction profiles of ADN, its anion DN and its acid HDN as well as their HNO3‐clusters [NO3H_ADN], [NO3H_DN] and [NO3H_HDN] towards the products NO2, HNO3 and N2O. All species exhibit various isomers with distinct decomposition pathways. We complement our study by investigating the protonated, cationic species [H_ADN]+, which may form in a low pH regime. The HNO3 clusters reveal modulated energy barriers and in part altered decomposition pathways in comparison to the free DN, HDN, and ADN species. The altered pathways include the formation of reactive intermediates (such as H2NO3+) as well as the formation of two HNO3 molecules starting from one HNO3 molecule, hinting at accelerated decomposition of ADN due to interaction with HNO3.

中文翻译:

DFT计算阐明了氨苯达木酸铵(ADN)及其HNO3团簇的分解途径

二硝酰胺铵(ADN)可以用作火箭推进剂的“绿色”氧化剂,因为它提供了无氯且特征性废气最少。但是,稳定性问题和不稳定的分解行为限制了其毫无疑问的一般可用性。硝酸(HNO 3)是ADN的分解产物,已知会自动催化分解。在这项研究中,我们通过基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的量子化学计算在真空以及水溶液中研究了HNO 3对ADN初始分解步骤的影响。我们建立和比较ADN,其负离子DN的反应谱-和它的酸HDN以及他们的HNO 3-clusters [NO 3 H_ADN],[NO 3 H_DN] -和[NO 3 H_HDN]朝向产品NO 2,HNO 3和N 2 O.所有物种表现出与不同的分解途径各种异构体。我们通过研究质子化的阳离子物质[H_ADN] +来补充我们的研究,该物质可能在低pH条件下形成。的HNO 3簇灵兽调制能量势垒,并且部分改变分解途径相比于自由DN -,HDN和ADN物种。改变的途径包括反应性中间体(如H 2 NO 3 +)以及两个HNO形成3分子从一个起始HNO 3分子,在ADN的加速分解由于与HNO相互作用暗示3
更新日期:2020-09-14
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