Seabirds like gulls are common indicators in contaminant monitoring. The herring gull (Larus argentatus) is a generalist with a broad range of dietary sources, possibly introducing a weakness in its representativeness of aquatic contamination. To investigate the herring gull as an indicator of contamination in an urban‐influenced fjord, the Norwegian Oslofjord, we compared concentrations of a range of lipophilic and protein‐associated organohalogen contaminants (OHCs), Hg, and dietary markers in blood (n = 15), and eggs (n = 15) between the herring gull and the strict marine‐feeding common eider (Somateria mollissima) in the breeding period of May 2017. Dietary markers showed that the herring gull was less representative of the marine food web than the common eider. We found higher concentrations of lipophilic OHCs (wet weight and lipid weight) and Hg (dry weight) in the blood of common eider (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 210 ± 126 ng/g ww, 60 600 ± 28 300 ng/g lw; mean Hg = 4.94 ± 0.438 ng/g dw) than of the herring gull (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 19.0 ± 15.6 ng/g ww, 1210 ± 1510 ng/g lw; mean Hg = 4.26 ± 0.438 ng/g dw). Eggs gave opposite results; higher wet weight and lipid weight OHC concentrations in the herring gull (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 257 ± 203 ng/g ww, 3240 ± 2610 ng/g lw) than the common eider (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 18.2 ± 20.8 ng/g ww, 101 ± 121 ng/g lw), resulting in higher OHC maternal transfer ratios in gulls than eiders. We suggest that the matrix differences are due to fasting during incubation in the common eider. We suggest that in urban areas, herring gull might not be representative as an indicator of marine contamination but rather urban contaminant exposure. The common eider is a better indicator of marine pollution in the Oslofjord. The results are influenced by the matrix choice, as breeding strategy affects lipid dynamics regarding the transfer of lipids and contaminants to eggs and remobilization of contaminants from lipids to blood during incubation, when blood is drawn from the mother. Our results illustrate the benefit of a multispecies approach for a thorough picture of contaminant status in urban marine ecosystems. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:422–433. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)

中文翻译：

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常见的绒鸭和鲱鸥作为城市峡湾系统不同生态位的污染指标

海鸥之类的海鸟是污染物监测的常见指标。鲱鸥（Larus argentatus）是一名具有多种饮食来源的通才，可能会导致其对水生污染物的代表性下降。为了研究鲱鸥作为污染城市挪威峡湾的指标，我们比较了血液中一系列亲脂性和蛋白质相关性有机卤素污染物（OHC），汞和饮食标志物的浓度（n  = 15 ），以及 在鲱鸥和严格的海洋饲养普通绒毛（Somateria mollissima）之间的卵（n = 15 ）在2017年5月的繁殖期中。膳食标记显示，鲱鸥在海洋食物网中的代表性不如普通绒鸭。我们发现普通绒毛血液中的亲脂性OHC（湿重和脂质重）和Hg（干重）的浓度更高（平均值±SE ∑PCB = 210±126 ng / g重量，60600±28300 ng / g重量；平均Hg = 4.94±0.438 ng / g dw；比鲱鸥（平均值±SE ∑PCB = 19.0±15.6 ng / g ww，1210±1510 ng / g lw；平均Hg = 4.26±0.438 ng / g dw ）。鸡蛋的结果相反。鲱鸥中的湿重和脂质重量OHC浓度（平均值±SE ∑PCB = 257±203 ng / g ww，3240±2610 ng / g lw）比普通绒鸭（平均值±SE ∑PCB = 18.2±20.8 ng） / g ww，101±121 ng / g lw），导致海鸥的OHC母体转移率高于绒毛。我们建议，基质差异是由于在普通绒鸭中孵育期间的禁食引起的。我们建议在城市地区，鲱鸥可能不代表海洋污染，而是代表城市污染暴露。共同的绒毛是奥斯陆峡湾海洋污染的更好指标。结果受基质选择的影响，因为从母体抽取血液时，育种策略会影响脂质动力学，涉及脂质和污染物向卵的转移以及污染物在孵化过程中从脂质向血液的迁移。我们的结果表明，采用多物种方法可以全面了解城市海洋生态系统中的污染物状况。鲱鸥可能不能代表海洋污染，而可以代表城市污染。共同的绒毛是奥斯陆峡湾海洋污染的更好指标。结果受基质选择的影响，因为从母体抽取血液时，育种策略会影响脂质动力学，涉及脂质和污染物向卵的转移以及污染物在孵化过程中从脂质向血液的迁移。我们的结果表明，采用多物种方法可以全面了解城市海洋生态系统中的污染物状况。鲱鸥可能不能代表海洋污染，而可以代表城市污染。共同的绒毛是奥斯陆峡湾海洋污染的更好指标。结果受基质选择的影响，因为从母体抽取血液时，育种策略会影响脂质动力学，涉及脂质和污染物向卵的转移以及污染物在孵化过程中从脂质向血液的迁移。我们的结果表明，采用多物种方法可以全面了解城市海洋生态系统中的污染物状况。当从母体抽取血液时，由于育种策略会影响脂质动力学，如脂质和污染物向鸡蛋的转移以及污染物在孵化过程中从脂质向血液的迁移。我们的结果表明，采用多物种方法可以全面了解城市海洋生态系统中的污染物状况。因为在从母体抽取血液的过程中，育种策略会影响脂质动力学，如脂质和污染物向鸡蛋的转移以及污染物从脂质向血液的转移。我们的结果表明，采用多物种方法可以全面了解城市海洋生态系统中的污染物状况。Integr环境评估管理2021; 17：422–433。©2020作者。Wiley Periodicals LLC代表环境毒理化学协会（SETAC）出版的《综合环境评估与管理》