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Measuring the effects of job competition and matching on employment accessibility
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment ( IF 7.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-14 , DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2020.102535
Qisheng Pan , Zhonghua Jin , Xuejun Liu

Accessibility has often been seen as a key indicator to assess socio-economic interactions and planning policies involving urban transportation and land use. Job competition and matching are important factors for individual job seekers as they evaluate job prospects, often including employment accessibility. However, due to inadequate data and the complex representation and interpretation of methods used, many studies have not considered job competition and matching as they attempted to assess employment accessibility. Most of the available studies do not analyze the effects of economic status, educational background, and transportation mode. In the small number of studies addressing job competition, few have considered the combination of multi-modal transportation access for commuters, though these are available in large metropolitan areas. In order to gain a better understanding of employment accessibility, this study adopts a method to assess employment accessibility by incorporating job proximity, job competition, and job matching in a multi-modal transportation system. This study focuses on the eight-county Greater Houston metropolitan region. Unemployed workers in the civilian labor force are a proxy for the number of job seekers. It is used to calculate employment accessibilities for job seekers in poverty, with different educational backgrounds, and commuting via multiple transportation modes. An interesting finding is that household auto ownership is an important determinant not only for auto drivers, but also for transit riders engaged in job seeking. In an automobile-oriented city such as Houston, driving to bus stops or rail transit stations provides job seekers significant advantages over walk-to-transit riders, especially for those living in suburban areas outside the boundary of the existing transit systems serving the central city or the core county.



中文翻译:

衡量工作竞争的影响并匹配就业机会

无障碍获取通常被视为评估涉及城市交通和土地使用的社会经济互动和规划政策的关键指标。求职竞争和匹配是个人求职者评估工作前景的重要因素,通常包括就业机会。但是,由于数据不足以及所使用方法的复杂表示和解释,许多研究在试图评估就业机会时并未考虑工作竞争和匹配。现有的大多数研究都没有分析经济状况,教育背景和交通方式的影响。在少数针对工作竞争的研究中,很少有人考虑多式联运的结合对于通勤者来说,尽管在大都市地区都可以使用。为了更好地理解就业可及性,本研究采用了一种方法,通过在多式联运系统中纳入工作接近性,工作竞争和工作匹配来评估就业可及性。。这项研究的重点是八县大休斯顿都会区。民用劳动力中的失业工人是求职人数的代名词。它用于计算具有不同教育背景的贫困求职者的就业机会,并通过多种运输方式上下班。一个有趣的发现是,家庭拥有汽车不仅是汽车驾驶员的重要决定因素,而且对于从事求职的过境驾驶者也是重要的决定因素。在诸如休斯敦这样的以汽车为中心的城市中,开车去公交车站或铁路车站为求职者提供了比步行公交者明显的优势,特别是对于那些居住在为市中心提供服务的现有公交系统之外的郊区的人或核心县。

更新日期:2020-09-14
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