Biological, psychosocial and lifestyle risk factors interact in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To date, the effects of sex, chronic stress (CS) and high-fat diet (HFD) on T2DM and the ability of linalyl acetate (LA) to prevent T2DM have not been determined. This study therefore explored the differential effects of CS and HFD on T2DM, as well as the ability of LA to prevent T2DM development, in male and female rats. T2DM was induced in rats by feeding an HFD and placing them under immobilization stress for 2 h/day for 3 weeks. Low-dose streptozotocin was administered on day 15, and LA was administered for 3 weeks. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) increased in HFD-fed male, but not female, rats. CS further increased FBS in HFD-fed rats, whereas CS alone did not alter FBS. The homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) showed results similar to FBS. Serum corticosterone levels markedly increased only in HFD-fed male rats exposed to CS. Pancreas nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) levels were higher in HFD-fed male rats exposed to CS than in control rats although there were no sex differences. LA 10 mg/kg significantly reduced FBS, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, and serum corticosterone levels in HFD-fed male rats exposed to CS. LA 10 mg/kg also tended to reduce NF-κB in the pancreas and significantly increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in the liver. Male rats are vulnerable to T2DM induced by CS and HFD, and LA can prevent T2DM in these rats not only by reducing insulin resistance and corticosterone levels but by increasing MMP in the liver.

中文翻译：

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2型糖尿病的性别易感性及乙酸芳樟酯的预防作用


生物、社会心理和生活方式风险因素在 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 的发展过程中相互作用。迄今为止，性别、慢性压力（CS）和高脂饮食（HFD）对T2DM的影响以及乙酸芳樟酯（LA）预防T2DM的能力尚未确定。因此，本研究探讨了 CS 和 HFD 对雄性和雌性大鼠 T2DM 的不同影响，以及 LA 预防 T2DM 发展的能力。通过喂食 HFD 并将其置于固定应激下 2 小时/天，持续 3 周，在大鼠中诱导 T2DM。第 15 天给予低剂量链脲佐菌素，并给予 LA 3 周。 HFD 喂养的雄性大鼠的空腹血糖 (FBS) 升高，但雌性大鼠则没有。 CS 进一步增加了 HFD 喂养大鼠的 FBS，而单独使用 CS 不会改变 FBS。稳态模型评估-胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）显示与FBS相似的结果。仅在暴露于CS的HFD喂养的雄性大鼠中，血清皮质酮水平显着升高。尽管不存在性别差异，但暴露于 CS 的 HFD 喂养雄性大鼠的胰腺核因子 kappa B (NF-κB) 水平高于对照大鼠。 LA 10 mg/kg 显着降低暴露于 CS 的 HFD 喂养雄性大鼠的 FBS、血清胰岛素、HOMA-IR 和血清皮质酮水平。 LA 10 mg/kg 还会降低胰腺中的 NF-κB，并显着增加肝脏中的线粒体膜电位 (MMP)。雄性大鼠易患CS和HFD诱导的T2DM，LA不仅可以通过降低胰岛素抵抗和皮质酮水平，还可以通过增加肝脏中的MMP来预防这些大鼠的T2DM。