In recent years, ultrasonic arc welding technology, a novel and promising welding process, has been widely applied in the welding of steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, nickel base alloy and composite materials to improve the welding efficiency and quality of the welded joints. This paper reviews the research status of ultrasonic arc welding technology, systematically classifies and summarizes the process of ultrasonic arc welding in terms of different ultrasonic energy forms, and evaluates the limitations of the processes. Based on the experiment and simulation results, this paper summarizes the effect mechanisms of ultrasonic on the arc characteristics and molten pool behaviors during arc welding, namely the theories of ultrasonic vibration and electromagnetic field, and briefly discusses the association mechanism of ultrasonic vibration and electromagnetic field. Finally, we summary the systematic results supporting the association mechanism. On the one hand, ultrasonic energy leads to arc compression, which can effectively improve the arc stiffness, arc pressure and energy density, thus improving the arc thermal efficiency and welding efficiency. On the other hand, the ultrasonic stirring and mixing effects as well as the high-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field force introduced by the ultrasonic energy accelerate the thermal convection circulation and the flow of the molten pool, and affect the solidification and crystallization behavior of the molten pool, thus improving the formation, microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld. The paper aims to comprehensively review the ultrasonic arc welding process and mechanisms, and provide guidance for the future research and development in ultrasonic arc welding technique.

近年来，超声波弧焊技术是一种新颖而有前途的焊接工艺，已广泛应用于钢，铝合金，钛合金，镍基合金和复合材料的焊接，以提高焊接效率和焊接接头的质量。本文综述了超声电弧焊技术的研究现状，根据超声能形式的不同，对超声电弧焊工艺进行了系统的分类和归纳，并对工艺的局限性进行了评价。在实验和仿真结果的基础上，总结了超声波对电弧焊过程中电弧特性和熔池行为的影响机理，即超声波振动和电磁场的理论，并简要讨论了超声振动与电磁场的关联机理。最后，我们总结了支持关联机制的系统结果。一方面，超声能导致电弧压缩，可以有效提高电弧的刚度，电弧压力和能量密度，从而提高电弧的热效率和焊接效率。另一方面，超声波的搅拌和混合作用以及由超声波能量引入的高频脉冲电磁场​​力会加速热对流循环和熔池的流动，并影响熔液的凝固和结晶行为。熔池，从而改善了焊缝的形成，显微组织和机械性能。