Much as development’s understanding of livelihoods became intertwined with notions of sustainability in the late 1990s, today livelihoods analysis is taking up the rise of resilience in the development and climate change adaptation communities of practice. The emergent concept of resilient livelihoods risks perpetuating problematic framings of both socio-ecological and livelihoods dynamics that limit the effectiveness of development and adaptation interventions. In this paper, I connect recent contributions to the livelihoods and socio-ecological resilience literatures to define resilient livelihoods as projects aimed at the achievement of well-being in a manner that preserves existing systems of meaning, order, and privilege. These projects (re)produce socio-ecologies, deeply human assemblages of socio-cultural and biotic elements. So framed, the idea of resilient livelihoods centers meaning, power, difference, and agency in both livelihoods and socio-ecological dynamics. It opens up new understandings of the character, sources, and importance of resilience in livelihoods, allows for the identification of new indicators of livelihoods fragility, points to previously-overlooked sources of potential livelihoods transformation and change, and suggests sites of productive engagement between development and adaptation interventions and transformation and change.

在1990年代后期，尽管发展对生计的理解与可持续性的概念交织在一起，但今天，生计分析正在发展和适应气候变化的实践社区中恢复抵御能力的兴起。弹性生计的新概念可能使社会生态和生计动态的问题框架长期存在，从而限制了发展和适应干预措施的有效性。在本文中，我将最新的贡献与生计和社会生态恢复力文献联系起来，将恢复性生计定义为旨在以维持现有意义，秩序和特权系统的方式实现福祉的项目。这些项目（重新）产生了社会生态学，深刻地融合了人类的社会文化和生物成分。如此陷害，弹性生计的思想集中在生计和社会生态动态中的意义，力量，差异和作用。它打开了对生计抵御力的性质，来源和重要性的新理解，可以确定新的生计脆弱性指标，指出了以前被忽视的潜在生计转变和变化的来源，并提出了发展之间生产性参与的场所以及适应干预措施以及变革和变化。