Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the transmission of genetic material between different evolutionary lineages and is believed to be an important source of genomic innovation in fungi. In this study, we searched for prokaryotic-derived HGTs in 23 fully sequenced genomes using a comprehensive phylogenomic pipeline followed by manual curation. We found strong support for 60 HGT events comprising 190 genes putatively acquired from bacteria. HGT affected all Penicillium species to various degrees. Gene duplication events happened to 3 HGT genes after the transmission. Most HGT events include genes encoding a variety of enzymes, which are associated with sugar, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. Transcriptome data from 6 Penicillium species revealed that 33 of 35 HGT genes showed expression under the conditions tested and 16 genes were differentially expressed. Our results suggest an important role for inter-domain gene transfers in shaping the genome of Penicillium fungi.

水平基因转移（HGT）是不同进化谱系之间遗传物质的传递，被认为是真菌基因组创新的重要来源。在这项研究中，我们使用全面的系统发育管道和手动管理在 23 个完全测序的基因组中搜索了原核衍生的 HGT。我们发现对 60 个 HGT 事件的有力支持，包括从细菌中推定获得的 190 个基因。HGT在不同程度上影响了所有青霉属物种。3个HGT基因在传播后发生基因复制事件。大多数 HGT 事件包括编码多种酶的基因，这些酶与糖、氨基酸和脂质代谢有关。来自 6 种青霉菌的转录组数据物种揭示35个HGT基因中有33个在测试条件下表达，16个基因差异表达。我们的结果表明域间基因转移在塑造青霉真菌基因组中的重要作用。