Abstract Volcanic eruptions affect ecosystems drastically, and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EM) may play a critical role in forest regeneration. Nothofagus species are usually ectomycorrhizal. The 2011 Puyehue Cordon-Caulle volcanic complex (PCCVC) eruption covered vast areas of N. pumilio forests with thick tephra deposits. The main objectives of this work were to characterize the forest environment following tephra deposition, and to analyze the natural regeneration and development of N. pumilio and associated EM communities. Three study sites were selected and sampled two and three years after the PCCVC eruption. Two sites had a thick tephra layer (50 cm); in one of them most of the tree layer was dead (Highly Affected-Tephra) whereas in the other, most of the adult trees were alive (Affected-Tephra). The third site had minimal tephra deposition (Non-Affected). Physicochemical properties of the substrate, biological environmental factors and EM behavior of N. pumilio seedlings and adults were evaluated in all three sites. The physicochemical properties of the substrate and environmental characteristics differed among sites. Both seedlings and adults had EM in all three sites. The frequency of six-month-old seedlings with EM (40%) and their colonization values (

中文翻译：

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火山喷发后幸存：受 2011 年普耶韦科登-卡勒火山灰影响的 Nothofagus pumilio 森林的生态系统动态和菌根

摘要 火山喷发严重影响生态系统，外生菌根真菌（EM）可能在森林再生中发挥关键作用。Nothofagus 物种通常是外生菌根的。2011 年普耶休科登-考勒火山复合体 (PCCVC) 的喷发覆盖了具有厚厚火山灰沉积物的 N. pumilio 森林的广阔区域。这项工作的主要目标是表征火山灰沉积后的森林环境，并分析小猪笼草和相关 EM 群落的自然更新和发展。在 PCCVC 喷发两年和三年后，选择了三个研究地点并取样。两个地点有厚厚的火山灰层（50 厘米）；在其中一个树层中，大部分树层已经死亡（高度受影响-Tephra），而在另一个中，大多数成年树还活着（受影响-Tephra）。第三个地点的火山灰沉积最少（未受影响）。在所有三个地点评估了 N. pumilio 幼苗和成虫的基质理化特性、生物环境因素和 EM 行为。底物的理化性质和环境特征因地点而异。幼苗和成虫在所有三个地点都有 EM。具有 EM 的 6 个月龄幼苗的频率（40%）及其定植值（