Abstract Conservation projects are likely to fail if plans to preserve important wildlife habitats and species are not co-developed between conservation organisations and local communities to reflect the needs and diverse values of the latter. Tropical peatland conservation represents a case in point: local community livelihoods have only recently come into focus, particularly within academic literature. Instead, many previous studies emphasise the need to conserve intact peat swamp forests for their carbon storage, as a habitat for flagship species such as the orangutan, and to provide fire-free landscapes. Here, we explore the socio-environmental issues being faced in the peatland landscapes of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. This includes the loss of peat-swamp forest, decreases in peatland fish populations and related socio-cultural challenges such as potential loss of fishing livelihoods along with historic and continued experiences of marginalisation of indigenous communities. To find solutions to these complex and interrelated problems, an interdisciplinary approach which focuses on interdependencies and includes multiple worldviews is required. We propose an approach which deploys both Ethan Miller’s use of livelihoods (incl. Miller, 2019) and biocultural approaches to conservation to analyse human-nonhuman relationships, with a focus on fish and fishing livelihoods. We draw on data from in-depth social and ecological research in two village communities in Central Kalimantan, and in so doing illustrate how fish conservation has the potential to support important biocultural and livelihood relationships between human and nonhuman communities in peatland areas. Our findings lend support to previous calls for biocultural approaches to conservation in other socio-ecological contexts, and lead us to conclude that tropical peatland conservation initiatives that integrate such approaches will result in improved outcomes for peatlands, forests, biodiversity and people. These findings will be relevant to other tropical peatland areas with high dependence on fishing as a source of livelihood, such as the peatlands of the Amazon and Congo basins.

中文翻译：

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泥炭地保护的生物文化方法：印度尼西亚鱼类和生计的案例

摘要 如果保护组织和当地社区之间没有共同制定保护重要野生动物栖息地和物种的计划以反映后者的需求和不同的价值观，那么保护项目很可能会失败。热带泥炭地保护就是一个很好的例子：当地社区的生计最近才成为焦点，特别是在学术文献中。相反，许多先前的研究强调需要保护完整的泥炭沼泽森林以储存碳，作为红毛猩猩等旗舰物种的栖息地，并提供无火景观。在这里，我们探讨了印度尼西亚中加里曼丹泥炭地景观中面临的社会环境问题。这包括泥炭沼泽森林的消失，泥炭地鱼类种群的减少和相关的社会文化挑战，例如捕鱼生计的潜在丧失以及土著社区边缘化的历史和持续经验。为了找到这些复杂且相互关联的问题的解决方案，需要一种侧重于相互依存关系并包括多种世界观的跨学科方法。我们提出了一种方法，该方法利用 Ethan Miller 对生计的使用（包括 Miller，2019 年）和生物文化保护方法来分析人类与非人类的关系，重点是鱼类和渔业生计。我们利用来自加里曼丹中部两个村庄社区的深入社会和生态研究的数据，并以此说明鱼类保护如何具有支持泥炭地地区人类和非人类社区之间重要的生物文化和生计关系的潜力。我们的研究结果支持之前在其他社会生态环境中采用生物文化方法进行保护的呼吁，并使我们得出结论，整合这些方法的热带泥炭地保护举措将改善泥炭地、森林、生物多样性和人类的结果。这些发现将与其他高度依赖渔业作为生计来源的热带泥炭地相关，例如亚马逊和刚果盆地的泥炭地。并引导我们得出结论，整合这些方法的热带泥炭地保护举措将改善泥炭地、森林、生物多样性和人类的成果。这些发现将与其他高度依赖渔业作为生计来源的热带泥炭地相关，例如亚马逊和刚果盆地的泥炭地。并引导我们得出结论，整合这些方法的热带泥炭地保护举措将改善泥炭地、森林、生物多样性和人类的成果。这些发现将与其他高度依赖渔业作为生计来源的热带泥炭地相关，例如亚马逊和刚果盆地的泥炭地。