Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is caused by Theileria equi and/or Babesia caballi and has economic importance particularly in equines reared in poor management systems. This study is based on cELISA test to study the seroprevalence of EP among 370 horses and 150 donkeys in four Governorates north Egypt. Additionally, its risk factors were studied for the first time. The seroprevalence rates 36.5 %, 20 %, and 5.6 % for T. equi, B. caballi, and mixed infections, respectively. The highest antibody levels against T. equi were detected in Kafr ElSheikh (40 %) and Giza (40.1 %) Governorates, whereas those of B. caballi were detected in Qalyubia (25 %) and Kafr ElSheikh (24.1 %) Governorates. Concerning T. equi, animals >10 years (OR = 2.06) were more likely to be infected with EP than those <5 years old. In addition, the seropositivity increased among grazing (OR = 5.7, 95 % CI: 1.73−19.27) males (OR = 1.8, 95 % CI: 1.23−2.61) infested with ticks (OR = 2.3, 95 % CI: 1.60−3.48) during summer (OR = 4.3, 95 %CI: 2.53−7.46); whereas the seropositivity of animals for B. caballi increased among grazing equines (OR = 7.8, 95 % CI: 1.05−58.25) over 10 years old (OR = 2.08, 95 % CI: 1.10−3.94) and infested with ticks (OR = 2.4, 95 % CI: 1.54−3.76) during summer (OR = 7.12, 95 % CI: 3.15–16.06). Therefore, EP is an important prevalent disease in Egypt and deserves further attention regarding the management system, treatment, and vector control.

马脂虫病（EP）是由马氏泰勒虫和/或巴贝斯球菌引起的，在经济上特别是在管理不善的马匹中具有重要的经济意义。这项研究基于cELISA测试，以研究埃及北部四个省的370匹马和150头驴中的EP血清阳性率。此外，首次研究了其危险因素。马链球菌，卡巴氏杆菌和混合感染的血清阳性率分别为36.5％，20％和5.6％。针对最高抗体水平T.球菌中的Kafr ElSheikh（40％）和吉萨（40.1％）各省进行检测，而那些的B.巴贝斯在Qalyubia（25％）和Kafr ElSheikh（24.1％）各省进行检测。关于T.球菌，动物> 10年（OR = 2.06）更可能被感染EP比<5岁。此外，放牧（tick = 2.3，95％CI：1.60−3.48）的放牧（OR = 5.7，95％CI：1.73−19.27）男性（OR = 1.8，95％CI：1.23−2.61）的血清阳性增加）在夏季（OR = 4.3，95％CI：2.53-7.46）; 而动物的血清阳性B.巴贝斯之间放牧马科动物增加（OR = 7.8，95％CI：1.05-58.25）10岁以上（OR = 2.08，95％CI：1.10-3.94）中，用蜱侵染（OR = 2.4，95％CI：1.54-3.76），夏季（OR = 7.12，95％CI：3.15-16.06）。因此，EP是埃及重要的流行疾病，在管理体系，治疗和病媒控制方面值得进一步关注。