Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), a low-energy-consuming technology, can be used to remove nitrogen from industrial saline wastewater. However, high salinity inhibits anammox microbial activity. This study investigated the effect of salinity on nitrogen removal performance and microbial community structure. The experiment used an up-flow anammox reactor fed with synthetic wastewater with salinity increased from 0.5-2.5%. Results indicated that 80% nitrogen removal efficiency can be achieved at 2% salinity with a nitrogen loading rate of 2.0 kg-N/m³/d. Anammox performance significantly deteriorated at 2.5% salinity. High-throughput sequencing revealed that Planctomycetes (representative anammox bacteria) increased with salinity, replacing Proteobacteria (representative heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria) in the microbial community. qPCR analysis indicated that relative abundance of “Candidatus Kuenenia” within anammox bacteria increased from 3.96-83.41%, corresponding to salinity of 0.5-2.0%, and subsequently decreased to 63.27% at 2.5% salinity, correlating with nitrogen-removal performance. Thus, anammox has potential in nitrogen removal from wastewater with salinity up to 2%.

厌氧铵氧化（厌氧氨）是一种低能耗技术，可用于从工业盐废水中去除氮。但是，高盐度会抑制厌氧氨氧化微生物的活性。本研究调查了盐度对脱氮性能和微生物群落结构的影响。该实验使用了一个上流式厌氧氨氧化反应器，该反应器中加入了盐度从0.5％至2.5％的合成废水。结果表明，在2％盐度和2.0 kg-N / m ³ / d的氮负载率下，可以获得80％的脱氮效率。盐度为2.5％时，厌氧氨氧化性能明显下降。高通量测序表明，浮萍菌（代表性的厌氧菌）随着盐度的增加而增加，从而取代了变形杆菌（代表性异养反硝化细菌）在微生物群落中。qPCR分析表明“的相对丰度暂定厌氧氨氧化菌内Kuenenia”从3.96-83.41％增加时，对应于0.5-2.0％盐度，并随后在2.5％盐度降低至63.27％，而氮去除性能相关联。因此，厌氧氨氧化具有从含盐量高达2％的废水中脱氮的潜力。