Marine habitats vary widely in structure, from incredibly complex coral reefs to simpler deep water and open ocean habitats. Hydromechanical models of swimming kinematics and microevolutionary studies suggest that these habitats select for different body shape characteristics. Fishes living in simple habitats are predicted to experience selection for energy-efficient sustained swimming, which can be achieved by fusiform body shapes. In contrast, fishes living in complex habitats are predicted to be under selection for maneuverability, which can be enhanced by deep-bodied and laterally compressed forms. To look for a signature of these processes at a broad macroevolutionary scale, we quantified the body shapes of 3322 species of marine teleostean fishes using a series of linear measurements. We scored each species for whether they were reef-associated or not and tested for morphological differences using a phylogenetic framework. Our results confirmed significant overall shape differences between reef-associated teleosts and those occupying structurally simpler marine habitats. Reef-associated species have, on average, deeper bodies and higher depth-to-width ratios, while non-reef species are more streamlined with narrower and shallower caudal peduncles. Despite the numerous evolutionary forces that may influence body shapes on a broad macroevolutionary scale, our results reveal differences in body shapes between reef-associated and non-reef species that are consistent with hydromechanical models of swimming kinematics as well as with microevolutionary patterns.

中文翻译：

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与珊瑚礁相关的鱼类在宏观进化尺度上具有更灵活的体型

海洋栖息地的结构差异很大，从极其复杂的珊瑚礁到更简单的深水和开阔的海洋栖息地。游泳运动学和微进化研究的流体力学模型表明，这些栖息地选择不同的体型特征。预计生活在简单栖息地的鱼类将经历节能持续游泳的选择，这可以通过梭形体型来实现。相比之下，生活在复杂栖息地的鱼类预计会受到机动性的选择，这可以通过深体和横向压缩的形式得到增强。为了在广泛的宏观进化尺度上寻找这些过程的特征，我们使用一系列线性测量量化了 3322 种海洋硬骨鱼类的体形。我们对每个物种是否与珊瑚礁相关进行评分，并使用系统发育框架测试形态差异。我们的结果证实了与礁石相关的硬骨鱼和那些占据结构更简单的海洋栖息地的硬骨鱼之间存在显着的整体形状差异。平均而言，与珊瑚礁相关的物种具有更深的身体和更高的深宽比，而非珊瑚礁物种则更加流线型，尾柄更窄更浅。尽管可能在广泛的宏观进化尺度上影响身体形状的众多进化力量，但我们的结果揭示了珊瑚礁相关物种和非珊瑚礁物种之间的身体形状差异，这与游泳运动学的流体力学模型以及微观进化模式一致。