Two highly active and stable Pd-based intermetallic nanocrystals with early d-metals Pd₃Ti and Pd₃Zr have been developed. The nanocrystals are synthesized by co-reduction of the respective salts of Pd and Ti/Zr. Hard X-ray photoemission Spectroscopy (HAXPES) analysis of the nanocrystals indicates that the electronic properties of Pd are modified significantly, as evident from the lowering of the d-band center of Pd. The intermetallic nanocrystals dispersed in Vulcan carbon, Pd₃Ti/C and Pd₃Zr/C, exhibit improved electrocatalytic activity towards methanol and ethanol oxidation in an alkaline medium (0.5 M KOH), compared to those of commercially available catalysts such as Pd/C, Pt/C, and Pt₃Sn/C. In addition, Pd₃Ti/C and Pd₃Zr/C show significantly higher activity towards the oxidation of formic acid in an acidic medium (0.5 M H₂SO₄), compared to those of Pd/C and Pt/C. The modification of the d-band center of Pd as a result of the alloying of Pd with the early d-metals Ti and Zr may be responsible for the enhanced catalytic activity.

已经开发了两种具有早期d-金属Pd ₃ Ti和Pd ₃ Zr的高活性和稳定的Pd基金属间纳米晶体。通过共还原Pd和Ti / Zr各自的盐来合成纳米晶体。纳米晶体的硬X射线光发射光谱（HAXPES）分析表明，Pd的电子性质被显着改变，这从Pd d谱带中心的降低可以明显看出。与市售催化剂（如Pd / Cd）相比，分散在Vulcan碳，Pd ₃ Ti / C和Pd ₃ Zr / C中的金属间纳米晶体对甲醇和乙醇在碱性介质（0.5 M KOH）中的氧化具有改善的电催化活性。 C，Pt / C和Pt ₃锡/碳 另外，与Pd / C和Pt / C的那些相比，Pd ₃ Ti / C和Pd ₃ Zr / C在酸性介质（0.5 MH ₂ SO ₄）中显示出对甲酸氧化的显着更高的活性。由于Pd与早期d金属Ti和Zr合金化，导致Pd d谱带中心的改性可能是催化活性增强的原因。