With advantages of high hydrogen capacity, excellent reversibility, and low cost, magnesium hydride (MgH₂) has been considered as one of the most promising candidates for solid-state hydrogen storage. However, the practical use of MgH₂ as a hydrogen storage medium still needs to overcome great barriers both in the thermodynamics and kinetics. In this respect, nanotechnology plays an important role. Employing appropriate nanocatalysts for the hydrogen sorption and/or reducing the particle size of MgH₂ to nanoscale have been demonstrated to be effective strategies. In this review, we present a detailed survey on the recent advances in nanocatalysts and nanostructuring for high-performance MgH₂. First, we introduce various categories of nanocatalysts, especially including metals and their compounds, focusing on their effects on hydrogen sorption performance of MgH₂. Then nanostructuring methods for the preparation of small-sized freestanding Mg/MgH₂ are discussed, and typical works in nanoconfinement of MgH₂ are revisited as a nanostructuring methodology. Finally, we analyze the remaining issues and challenges and propose the prospects of research and development in MgH₂ as hydrogen storage materials in the future.

凭借高氢气容量，出色的可逆性和低成本的优势，氢化镁（MgH ₂）被认为是固态储氢的最有希望的候选者之一。但是，实际使用MgH ₂作为储氢介质仍需要克服热力学和动力学方面的巨大障碍。在这方面，纳米技术起着重要作用。已经证明采用合适的纳米催化剂用于氢吸附和/或将MgH ₂的粒径减小至纳米级是有效的策略。在这篇综述中，我们对高性能MgH _2的纳米催化剂和纳米结构的最新进展进行了详细的调查。。首先，我们介绍各种类别的纳米催化剂，尤其是金属及其化合物，重点是它们对MgH _2的氢吸附性能的影响。然后讨论了制备小型独立Mg / MgH ₂的纳米结构方法，并重新探讨了MgH ₂纳米约束中的典型工作，作为一种纳米结构方法。最后，我们分析了剩余的问题和挑战，并提出了未来作为储氢材料的MgH ₂的研究和发展前景。