Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation energy storage. However, the inherent challenges of Li metal anode, such as uncontrollable dendrite growth, unstable Li/electrolyte interfaces, and infinite volume changes, induce severe safety hazards and inferior cyclic stability, dragging the LMBs still inviable currently. Natural materials have recently been signified an emerging platform to realize efficient electrodes, artificial protective layers, solid electrolytes, and separators in practical LMBs because of their versatile advantages such as low cost, renewability, excellent mechanical properties, intrinsic heteroatom-containing features, tunable porous structures, etc. In this review, systematical protective strategies for safe LMBs based on natural materials are summarized. The basic overviews of Li anode chemistry, such as solid electrolyte interfaces (SEIs) and Li dendrite, are first discussed. On basis of this theoretical understanding, naturally derived nanostructured materials for restraining dendrite growth and stabilizing Li anode are then included. Finally, a general conclusion and perspective on the future improvements of bio-based protective nanomaterials in LMBs are presented. This review builds a close connection between the sustainable natural materials and the protective strategies of Li metal anode, attempting to shed fresh light on the biomass-based materials in highly safe rechargeable LMBs.

锂金属电池（LMB）被认为是下一代储能的最有希望的候选者之一。然而，锂金属阳极的固有挑战，如无法控制的枝晶生长，不稳定的锂/电解质界面以及无限的体积变化，会带来严重的安全隐患和较差的循环稳定性，从而拖累了目前仍无法生存的LMB。天然材料由于其广泛的优势，例如低成本，可更新性，优异的机械性能，固有的含杂原子特征，可调节的多孔性等，最近已成为在实用的LMB中实现高效电极，人工保护层，固体电解质和隔板的新兴平台。在这篇综述中，总结了基于天然材料的安全LMB的系统保护策略。首先讨论锂阳极化学的基本概述，例如固体电解质界面（SEI）和锂枝晶。基于该理论理解，然后包括用于抑制枝晶生长和稳定Li阳极的天然衍生的纳米结构材料。最后，提出了对LMBs中基于生物的保护性纳米材料的未来改进的一般结论和观点。这篇综述建立了可持续的天然材料与锂金属阳极保护策略之间的紧密联系，试图为高度安全的可充电LMB中的生物质基材料提供新的思路。然后包括用于抑制枝晶生长和稳定锂阳极的天然衍生纳米结构材料。最后，提出了对LMBs中基于生物的保护性纳米材料的未来改进的一般结论和观点。这篇综述建立了可持续的天然材料与锂金属阳极保护策略之间的紧密联系，试图为高度安全的可充电LMB中的生物质基材料提供新的思路。然后包括用于抑制枝晶生长和稳定锂阳极的天然衍生纳米结构材料。最后，提出了对LMBs中基于生物的保护性纳米材料的未来改进的一般结论和观点。这篇综述建立了可持续的天然材料与锂金属阳极保护策略之间的紧密联系，试图为高度安全的可充电LMB中的生物质基材料提供新的思路。