ABSTRACT The first New Zealand National Park was a gift from Māori, but subsequent management of National Parks has largely reflected a utilitarian European perspective. The Te Awa Tupua (Whanganui River Claims Settlement) Act 2017 confers ‘legal personality’ on the entire Whanganui River catchment, recognising it as a ‘living whole’ that ‘supports and sustains’ the people. The Act is founded on holistic and long-term values shared by Māori and ecological science. During the three decades since the founding of the Department of Conservation in 1987, three major transformations in environmental thinking and practice are founded in similar values: (1) increased respect for nature as a community to which people belong; (2) cities as a major focus for ecological restoration; and (3) rapidly growing scale in landscape restoration. We build on these values and developments to propose the concept of National Park Aotearoa, a whole-of-nation vision for bicultural ecological restoration.

中文翻译：

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一个生态系统，一个国家公园：新西兰生物多样性保护的新愿景

摘要 第一个新西兰国家公园是毛利人的礼物，但随后的国家公园管理在很大程度上反映了欧洲的实用主义观点。2017 年 Te Awa Tupua（旺格努伊河索赔解决）法案赋予整个旺格努伊河流域“法律人格”，将其视为“支持和维持”人民的“生机勃勃的整体”。该法案建立在毛利人和生态科学共同的整体和长期价值观之上。自 1987 年自然保育部成立以来的 30 年间，环境思想和实践的三大转变源于类似的价值观：(1) 作为人们所属的社区，更加尊重自然；（二）城市作为生态修复的重点；(3) 景观恢复规模快速增长。