In applied geophysics, magnetic methods are used in a wide range of industrial and academic applications with environmental, engineering or exploration components (e.g. military ordnance detection, pipe detection, archaeology, resources exploration, geological mapping). According to the type of application and the scale of the study, surveys can be conducted on the ground or airborne, each having its own industrial standard. In ground survey applications single component or scalar gradiometers are widely used. In airborne surveys the intensity of the magnetic field is measured with scalar magnetometers and the disturbances of the aircraft are compensated with real-time compensation units.

This paper proposes another approach using the latest developments on the use of fluxgate three-component magnetometers. They have a light weight, a low power consumption, are rugged and allow a simple magnetic compensation of the carrier. They can provide a more precise and/or a more cost effective alternative to current measuring standards. They can also be mounted on UAVs to fill the gap in measurement capabilities between ground and airborne surveys, and therefore offer a new range of applications. A review of four case studies concerning archaeology, unexploded ordnance detection, lithology and structural geology studies is presented to illustrate the possibilities of application of such an approach and how it compares to current industrial standards in ground and airborne surveys.

在应用地球物理学中，磁性方法已广泛用于具有环境，工程或勘探成分的工业和学术应用（例如军械检测，管道检测，考古，资源勘探，地质测绘）。根据应用类型和研究规模，可以在地面或空中进行调查，每种调查都有自己的行业标准。在地面勘测应用中，单组件或标量梯度计被广泛使用。在机载测量中，磁场的强度是用标量磁力计测量的，而飞机的干扰则是通过实时补偿单元来补偿的。

本文提出了使用磁通门三分量磁力计的最新发展的另一种方法。它们重量轻，功耗低，坚固耐用，并允许对载体进行简单的磁补偿。它们可以为当前的测量标准提供更精确和/或更具成本效益的替代方案。它们也可以安装在无人机上，以填补地面和空中勘测之间测量能力的空白，因此提供了新的应用范围。本文介绍了有关考古，未爆弹药检测，岩性和结构地质研究的四个案例研究，以说明这种方法的应用可能性以及如何与地面和空中调查中的当前工业标准进行比较。