Increased frequency and intensity of flash floods and landslides in the Northern Mountainous Regions of Vietnam represent the most damaging hazards to the production activities and livelihoods of rural households, which are heavily reliant on agriculture. Assessing households’ vulnerability therefore becomes critical and urgent to help policy-makers in Vietnam in facilitating the implementation of adaptation strategies for households living in this area. Thus, this paper employed the Household Vulnerability Index method along with the qualitative data analysis to evaluate the vulnerability level of smallholder farmers under the effect of these hazards. Data was collected from 405 households in three communes of Yen Bai province, one of the poorest provinces in the Northern Mountainous Regions of Vietnam with a high proportion of ethnic minorities who have extremely low incomes and education levels. Food and fresh water quality and security are also relatively low in this region. The empirical results indicate that ethnicity, diversified sources of income, organizational membership, health insurance, food security, land tenure documentation, water resources, and locational dimensions are the key factors affecting the vulnerability of farmers under the impacts of flash floods and landslides. Results also suggest that the livelihoods of farmers in the Dai Son commune are the most vulnerable to these natural hazards identified by the Social Network, Socio-Demographic Profile, and Water component factors. We subsequently identify and prioritize measures to ensure sustainable livelihoods for local farmers through practices, such as improving people’s literacy, enhancing production systems, and strengthening natural resource management strategies.

越南北部山区的山洪暴发和山体滑坡的频率和强度增加，对严重依赖农业的农村家庭的生产活动和生计造成了最大的危害。因此，评估住户的脆弱性变得至关重要，而且迫切需要帮助越南的决策者促进针对该地区住户的适应战略的实施。因此，本文采用家庭脆弱性指数方法和定性数据分析方法来评估在这些危害影响下小农户的脆弱性水平。数据是从安倍省三个乡镇的405户家庭中收集的，越南北部山区最贫穷的省份之一，少数民族人口的比例很高，他们的收入和教育水平极低。该区域的食品和淡水质量与安全性也相对较低。实证结果表明，种族，收入来源多样化，组织成员资格，健康保险，粮食安全，土地使用权证明文件，水资源和位置范围是在山洪和山体滑坡的影响下影响农民脆弱性的关键因素。结果还表明，大山公社农民的生计最容易受到社会网络，社会人口统计学特征和水组成因素识别的这些自然灾害的影响。