ABSTRACT Recently, although dynamic approaches have been used increasingly to describe metal bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms, the validation of such laboratory-derived modelling is rarely assessed under environmental conditions. The present study aims to evaluate and verify statistical and mathematical models for the bioaccumulation of cadmium (Cd) and to evaluate the suitability of Gammarus pulex as a biomonitor for Cd. To optimise Cd2+ ion bioaccumulation conditions a Box–Behnken design was used and whether G. pulex can be used as an estimated tool to assess aquatic quality was investigated. A Box–Behnken experimental design combined with response surface modelling (RSM) was employed for Cd2+ bioaccumulation in G. pulex. Independent variables including temperature, contact time and Cd2+ ion concentration significance and their interactions were tested using analysis of variance. The selected variables’ optimum values were obtained by solving the quadratic regression model along with by analysing the response surface contour plots. Based on Box–Behnken design, the applied model is significant because model F-value and R2 were obtained as 5121.49, 0.9998, respectively. Bioaccumulation of Cd amount was analysed using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The obtained data suggest that G. pulex can be evaluated as Cd biomonitor.

中文翻译：

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使用实验设计方法模拟 Gammarus pulex 中镉的生物积累

摘要 最近，尽管越来越多地使用动态方法来描述水生生物中的金属生物积累，但很少在环境条件下评估这种实验室衍生模型的验证。本研究旨在评估和验证镉 (Cd) 生物积累的统计和数学模型，并评估 Gammarus pulex 作为 Cd 生物监测器的适用性。为了优化 Cd2+ 离子的生物蓄积条件，使用了 Box-Behnken 设计，并研究了 G. pulex 是否可以用作评估水生质量的估计工具。结合响应面模型 (RSM) 的 Box-Behnken 实验设计用于 G. pulex 中 Cd2+ 的生物积累。自变量包括温度，使用方差分析测试接触时间和 Cd2+ 离子浓度的显着性及其相互作用。通过求解二次回归模型以及分析响应面等值线图，获得所选变量的最佳值。基于 Box-Behnken 设计，应用模型是显着的，因为模型 F 值和 R2 分别为 5121.49 和 0.9998。使用电热原子吸收分光光度计分析Cd量的生物积累。获得的数据表明 G. pulex 可以作为 Cd 生物监测器进行评估。应用模型是显着的，因为模型 F 值和 R2 分别为 5121.49 和 0.9998。使用电热原子吸收分光光度计分析Cd量的生物积累。获得的数据表明 G. pulex 可以作为 Cd 生物监测器进行评估。应用模型是显着的，因为模型 F 值和 R2 分别为 5121.49 和 0.9998。使用电热原子吸收分光光度计分析Cd量的生物积累。获得的数据表明 G. pulex 可以作为 Cd 生物监测器进行评估。