Abstract This contribution studies failure by elastic buckling and plastic collapse during 3D concrete printing of wall structures. Four types of experiments were performed, which demonstrate the circumstances under which elastic buckling and plastic collapse occur, the effect of geometrical imperfections on the buckling response, the influence by the curing rate of the concrete material on the buckling stability, and the conditions leading to the successful printing of a complex, practical structure (a picnic table). The experimental results are compared to those computed by the parametric 3D printing model recently developed by Suiker (Int. J. Mech Sci, 137: 145–170, 2018), showing a very good agreement. The design formulas and design graphs deduced from the parametric model serve as a useful tool for accurately designing wall structures against failure during 3D concrete printing. Furthermore, they may be applied to optimize the process conditions during 3D printing, by providing the maximal printing velocity, the optimal geometrical characteristics, or the minimal amount of material required for adequately printing the structure.

中文翻译：

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3D 混凝土打印过程中的弹性屈曲和塑性坍塌

摘要 此贡献研究了墙结构 3D 混凝土打印过程中弹性屈曲和塑性倒塌造成的失效。进行了四种类型的试验，展示了发生弹性屈曲和塑性坍塌的情况、几何缺陷对屈曲响应的影响、混凝土材料固化速率对屈曲稳定性的影响以及导致屈曲稳定性的条件。成功打印出复杂实用的结构（野餐桌）。将实验结果与 Suiker 最近开发的参数化 3D 打印模型计算的结果进行比较 (Int. J. Mech Sci, 137: 145–170, 2018)，显示出非常好的一致性。从参数化模型中推导出的设计公式和设计图可作为一种有用的工具，用于在 3D 混凝土打印过程中准确设计墙体结构以防止失效。此外，它们可用于优化 3D 打印过程中的工艺条件，通过提供最大打印速度、最佳几何特性或充分打印结构所需的最少材料量。