Poa annua L. (annual bluegrass) is a remarkably versatile grass species with biotypes ranging from perennial to annual. Despite its recent evolutionary origins, Poa annua can be found as an invasive weed on all seven continents of the globe including extremely inhospitable locations such as Mount Kilimanjaro and the Antarctic mainland. The molecular mechanisms underlying Poa annua versatility are unresolved but thought to relate to its neoallopolyploid origin and influence diverse molecular responses ranging from DNA methylation to chromosomal architecture. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) karyotyping of 5S rDNA loci added further evidence for Poa infirma Kunth. (weak bluegrass) and Poa supina Schrad. (supina bluegrass) as the progenitor species of Poa annua while results of 45S rDNA were less clear and possibly suggest that large-scale variation in chromosomal architecture might have occur between individual Poa annua genotypes. At the methylation level, abiotic stress was observed to induce global DNA methylation, and methylation in the progeny of stressed plants remained slightly elevated, suggesting partial heritability of the methylation landscape acquired through abiotic stress on the parents. Further, the progeny of mowed clones had 37% reduced shoot area when compared with the progeny of unmowed clones across eight genotypes, suggesting that the altered phenotype is non-Mendelian inherited. Poa annua plasticity and transgenerational inheritance is correlated with increased DNA methylation at the global level but causality needs experimental validation. These results suggest that Poa annua plastic phenotype is matched by genetic and epigenetic plasticity.

中文翻译：

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全球 DNA 甲基化预测 Poa annua L 的表观遗传重编程和跨代可塑性

Poa annua L.（一年生早熟禾）是一种用途非常广泛的草种，其生物型从多年生到一年生不等。尽管早熟禾起源于最近的进化，但在全球七大洲，包括乞力马扎罗山和南极大陆等极其荒凉的地方，都可以发现它是一种侵入性杂草。早熟禾多功能性的分子机制尚未解决，但被认为与其新异源多倍体起源有关，并影响从 DNA 甲基化到染色体结构的多种分子反应。5S rDNA 基因座的荧光原位杂交 (FISH) 核型分析为早熟禾早熟禾提供了进一步的证据。（弱蓝草）和早熟禾施拉德。（朝天委陵菜兰草）作为祖物种早熟禾而45S rDNA的ITS结果不太清楚，可能表明，在体系结构染色体大型变化可能具有个体之间发生早熟禾基因型。在甲基化水平上，观察到非生物胁迫诱导整体 DNA 甲基化，受胁迫植物后代的甲基化仍然略有升高，表明通过对亲本的非生物胁迫获得的甲基化景观的部分遗传性。此外，与 8 个基因型的未修剪克隆的后代相比，修剪克隆的后代的枝条面积减少了 37%，这表明改变的表型是非孟德尔遗传的。早熟禾可塑性和跨代遗传与全球水平的 DNA 甲基化增加相关，但因果关系需要实验验证。这些结果表明，早熟禾塑性表型与遗传和表观遗传可塑性相匹配。