Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is a valuable crop for subsistence farmers in sub‐Saharan Africa. Characterization and evaluation of cowpea germplasm collections based on seed yield for genotype × environment (GE) interactions can assist in improving the adaptability and stability across environments. The objectives of this study were to determine genetic variability in the germplasm collection, to determine the magnitude of GE interactions, to identify superior genotypes across environments, and to determine the phenotypic correlations among the seed yield and related traits. Seventy‐five cowpea genotypes were planted in three different locations during the 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 cropping seasons, and data were collected for seed yield and its components. Highly significant (P < .001) genotype effect for seed yield traits suggested great genetic differences among the tested populations. Significant (P < .05) genotype × location interaction (GL), genotype × season interaction (GS), and genotype × location × season interaction (GLS) effects were observed for seed yield traits, indicating the presence of complex GE interactions. The GLS effect was more than the GL and GS effects for seed yield, 100‐seed weight, number of pods, and pod width, highlighting the difficulty in genetic improvement of these traits. Cowpea genotypes 6 (ARC006), 49 (ARC049), 63 (IT90K‐76), and 57 (PAN311) showed high yield, wide adaptation, and stability. Genotype 58 (NGOII) and 1 (ARC001) showed high yield, instability, and specific adaptation. No clear mega‐environments were identified. Significant (P < .05) correlations were observed among most of the traits evaluated. The results obtained can serve as a guide and basis of germplasm management and improvement of cowpea seed yield.

中文翻译：

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南部非洲cow豆种质资源评估种子产量和产量构成

pea豆[ Vigna unguiculata（L.）Walp。]是撒哈拉以南非洲地区自给自足农民的一种宝贵作物。基于种子产量的基因型×环境（GE）相互作用，对cow豆种质集合进行表征和评估可有助于改善跨环境的适应性和稳定性。这项研究的目的是确定种质资源中的遗传变异性，确定GE相互作用的强度，确定跨环境的优良基因型，以及确定种子产量与相关性状之间的表型相关性。在2017-2018年和2018-2019年的种植季节期间，在三个不同的地点种植了75种cow豆基因型，并收集了种子产量及其组成数据。高度显着（P <.001）的基因型效应对种子产量性状的影响表明受试种群之间的遗传差异很大。对于种子产量性状，观察到显着（P  <.05）基因型×定位相互作用（GL），基因型×定位相互作用（GS）和基因型×定位×季节相互作用（GLS）效应，表明存在复杂的GE相互作用。在种子产量，100粒重，荚果数量和荚果宽度方面，GLS效应要比GL和GS效应要强，这突出说明了这些性状在遗传改良上的困难。pea豆基因型6（ARC006），49（ARC049），63（IT90K-76）和57（PAN311）具有高产量，广泛的适应性和稳定性。基因型58（NGOII）和基因型1（ARC001）显示出高产量，不稳定和特异性适应性。没有发现明确的大环境。重大 （在大多数评估的性状之间观察到P  <.05）相关性。获得的结果可作为种质管理和提高improvement豆种子产量的指导和基础。