The effects of microglia- and astrocyte-derived factors on neurogenesis in health and disease,European Journal of Neuroscience

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The effects of microglia- and astrocyte-derived factors on neurogenesis in health and disease
European Journal of Neuroscience ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-13 , DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14969
Tasuku Araki ₁ , Yuji Ikegaya _{1,

2} , Ryuta Koyama ₁

Affiliation

Hippocampal neurogenesis continues throughout life and has been suggested to play an essential role in maintaining spatial cognitive function under physiological conditions. An increasing amount of evidence has indicated that adult neurogenesis is tightly controlled by environmental conditions in the neurogenic niche, which consists of multiple types of cells including microglia and astrocytes. Microglia maintain the environment of neurogenic niche through their phagocytic capacity and interaction with neurons via fractalkine-CX3CR1 signaling. In addition, microglia release growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α to support the development of adult born neurons. Astrocytes also manipulate neurogenesis by releasing various soluble factors including adenosine triphosphate and lactate. Whereas, under pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, depression, and epilepsy, microglia and astrocytes play a leading role in inflammation and are involved in attenuating the normal process of neurogenesis. The modulation of glial functions on neurogenesis in these brain diseases are attracting attention as a new therapeutic target. This review describes how these glial cells play a role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis in both health and disease, especially focusing glia-derived factors.

中文翻译：

小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞衍生因子对健康和疾病中神经发生的影响

海马神经发生在整个生命中持续存在，并已被建议在生理条件下在维持空间认知功能方面发挥重要作用。越来越多的证据表明，成体神经发生受到神经源性生态位中环境条件的严格控制，该生态位由多种类型的细胞组成，包括小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞。小胶质细胞通过其吞噬能力和通过 fractalkine-CX3CR1 信号传导与神经元的相互作用来维持神经源性生态位的环境。此外，小胶质细胞会释放脑源性神经营养因子 (BDNF) 等生长因子和肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF)-α 等细胞因子，以支持成年出生神经元的发育。星形胶质细胞还通过释放各种可溶性因子（包括三磷酸腺苷和乳酸）来操纵神经发生。而在阿尔茨海默病、抑郁症和癫痫等病理条件下，小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞在炎症中起主导作用，并参与减弱神经发生的正常过程。在这些脑部疾病中，神经胶质功能对神经发生的调节作为新的治疗靶点正在引起人们的注意。这篇综述描述了这些神经胶质细胞如何在健康和疾病的成人海马神经发生中发挥作用，尤其是关注神经胶质衍生因子。小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞在炎症中起主导作用，并参与减弱神经发生的正常过程。在这些脑部疾病中，神经胶质功能对神经发生的调节作为新的治疗靶点正在引起人们的注意。这篇综述描述了这些神经胶质细胞如何在健康和疾病的成人海马神经发生中发挥作用，尤其是关注神经胶质衍生因子。小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞在炎症中起主导作用，并参与减弱神经发生的正常过程。在这些脑部疾病中，神经胶质功能对神经发生的调节作为新的治疗靶点正在引起人们的注意。这篇综述描述了这些神经胶质细胞如何在健康和疾病的成人海马神经发生中发挥作用，尤其是关注神经胶质衍生因子。

更新日期：2020-09-13

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