This paper reports walnut shell ash (WNS ash) a sustainable material for tubeless inner liner application. This sustainable material replaced the commercial magnesium oxide (MgO).The WNS ash generated at 550°C, is found to have 72% alkali metal and alkali earth metal, whereas commercial MgO shows 95% alkali metal and alkali earth metal. It was observed in this study WNS ash perform as cure retarder in bromobutyl rubber/bromo isobutylene isoprene rubber‐based tube less inner liner compound and its performance was similar with commercial MgO; however, not exactly equivalent. Optimum cure retardation found at 0.40 phr loading with WNS ash. Interestingly, due to sulfur (S) and zinc (Zn), the WNS ash produced some cure activation effect. Cure rate was observed for 0.40 phr WNS ash load in gum/filled formulations at 35/15 minutes⁻¹ compared to 30/10 minutes⁻¹ in commercial MgO at 0.30 phr. Physical properties of compound made with 0.40 phr WNS ash and 0.30 phr MgO found comparable in both gum and filled system. Alkali metal and alkali earth metal of WNS ash at 0.40 phr loading is equivalent to 0.30 phr of MgO. This material is an important gateway in the rubber industry as a multifunction sustainable material.

中文翻译：

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核桃壳灰作为可持续的材料与溴化丁基橡胶混合用于轮胎内衬应用

本文报道核桃壳灰（WNS灰）是无内胎内衬应用的可持续材料。这种可持续的材料代替了商业氧化镁（MgO）。在550°C时生成的WNS灰分含有72％的碱金属和碱土金属，而商业MgO的95％的碱金属和碱土金属。在这项研究中观察到，WNS灰在溴化丁基橡胶/溴代异丁烯异戊二烯橡胶基管中作为硫化抑制剂的性能不及内衬层胶料，其性能与市售MgO相似。但是，不完全相同。使用WNS灰分在0.40 phr负荷下发现最佳的固化延迟。有趣的是，由于硫（S）和锌（Zn），WNS灰产生了一些固化活化作用。在35/15分钟观察到口香糖/填充配方中0.40 phr WNS灰分载量的固化速度^-1相比30/10分钟^-1商业氧化镁0.30份。发现用0.40 phr WNS灰和0.30 phr MgO制成的化合物的物理性质在口香糖和填充系统中均具有可比性。WNS灰的碱金属和碱土金属在0.40 phr的负荷下相当于0.30 phr的MgO。这种材料是多功能可持续材料，是橡胶工业的重要门户。