Aims

Tobacco smoking is a major health problem associated with lung and liver damage. Lung and liver damage secondary to tobacco smoking is mediated through nicotine-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, we hypothesized that antioxidant treatment with tiron may improve nicotine-induced lung and liver damage.

Materials and methods

Rats were divided into six groups, a control, nicotine (10 mg/kg/day, i.p.; for 8 weeks) and tiron (100 or 200 mg/kg/day, i.p.; for 8 weeks) with or without nicotine administration.

Key findings

Tiron improved survival rate and attenuated lung and liver damage as reflected by decreased total and differential cell counts, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum; also histopathological examination confirmed the protective effect of tiron in lung and liver tissues of nicotine treated rats. Tiron attenuated dyslipidemia, which is associated with nicotine. These ameliorative effects of tiron may be mainly due to its antioxidant effect as proved by a significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels, and increase in reduced glutathione (GSH) level, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. This is likely related to suppression of protein levels of NADPH oxidase enzyme (NOX1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α); and up-regulation of protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2 (Nrf2).

Significance

This makes tiron (synthetic analogue of vitamin E) good candidate for future use to minimize nicotine's hazards among smokers.

中文翻译：

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Tiron通过体内抗氧化和抗炎作用，防止尼古丁引起的肺和肝损伤。

目的

吸烟是与肺和肝损害相关的主要健康问题。吸烟继发的肺和肝损害是由尼古丁引起的氧化应激介导的。因此，我们假设用铁氧蛋白进行抗氧化剂治疗可以改善尼古丁引起的肺和肝损伤。

材料和方法

将大鼠分为六组，对照组，尼古丁（10 mg / kg /天，腹腔内；持续8周）和泰隆（100或200 mg / kg / day，腹腔内；持续8周），分别服用或不服用尼古丁。

主要发现

Tiron改善了存活率并减轻了肺和肝损伤，这反映在总细胞数和差异细胞数减少，支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中的乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性以及丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT），天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）和碱性磷酸酶（血清）; 组织病理学检查还证实了铁素对尼古丁治疗的大鼠的肺和肝组织的保护作用。Tiron减轻的血脂异常，与尼古丁有关。钛的这些改善作用可能主要归因于其抗氧化作用，丙二醛（MDA）含量，活性氧（ROS）和总亚硝酸盐/硝酸盐（NOx）含量显着降低以及还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）的增加证明了这一点。水平，过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性。这可能与抑制NADPH氧化酶（NOX1），诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS），核因子κB（NF-κB）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）的蛋白质水平有关；和核因子erythroid-2（Nrf2）蛋白质水平的上调。

意义

这使得铁（维生素E的合成类似物）成为未来使用的最佳选择，以最大程度地减少吸烟者中尼古丁的危害。