Hypoxia is a hallmark of cancer. To cope with hypoxic conditions, tumor cells alter their transcriptional profiles mainly through hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and epigenetic reprogramming. Hypoxia, in part through HIF-dependent mechanisms, influences the expression or activity of epigenetic regulators to control epigenetic reprogramming, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, which regulate hypoxia-responsive gene expression in cells. Conversely, epigenetic regulators and chromatin architecture can modulate the expression, stability, or transcriptional activity of HIF. Understanding the complex networks between HIFs, epigenetic regulators, and chromatin reprogramming in response to hypoxia will provide insight into the fundamental mechanism of transcriptional adaptation to hypoxia, and may help identify novel targets for future therapies. In this review, we will discuss the comprehensive relationship between HIFs, epigenetic regulators, and chromatin reprogramming under hypoxic conditions.

缺氧是癌症的标志。为了应对缺氧条件，肿瘤细胞主要通过缺氧诱导因子（HIF）和表观遗传重编程来改变其转录谱。缺氧部分通过HIF依赖性机制影响表观遗传调节剂的表达或活性，以控制表观遗传重编程，包括DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰，它们调节细胞中的缺氧反应性基因表达。相反，表观遗传调节剂和染色质结构可以调节HIF的表达，稳定性或转录活性。了解HIF，表观遗传调控因子和染色质重编程以应对缺氧之间的复杂网络，将有助于深入了解转录适应缺氧的基本机制，并可能有助于确定未来治疗的新目标。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论缺氧条件下HIF，表观遗传调控因子和染色质重编程之间的全面关系。