Deficits in associative and Pavlovian learning are thought to lie at the center of anxiety-related disorders. However, the majority of studies have been carried out in adult populations. The aim of this review was to critically examine the behavioral and neuroimaging literature on Pavlovian learning in pediatric anxiety disorders. We conclude that although there is evidence for deficits in Pavlovian processes (e.g., heightened reactivity to safety cues in anxious samples), the extant literature suffers from key methodological and theoretical issues. We conclude with theoretical and methodological recommendations for future research in order to further elucidate the role of Pavlovian learning in the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders.

中文翻译：

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小儿焦虑症中的巴甫洛夫学习过程：批判性评论

联想和巴甫洛夫学习的缺陷被认为是焦虑相关疾病的核心。然而，大多数研究都是在成年人群中进行的。这篇综述的目的是批判性地检查关于小儿焦虑症巴甫洛夫学习的行为和神经影像学文献。我们得出结论，尽管有证据表明巴甫洛夫过程存在缺陷（例如，对焦虑样本中的安全提示的反应性增强），但现有文献存在关键的方法和理论问题。我们总结了对未来研究的理论和方法学建议，以进一步阐明巴甫洛夫学习在儿科焦虑症的病因、维持和治疗中的作用。