In this paper, novel solutions are proposed for energy and thermal management in Formula-E cars using optimal control theory. Optimal control techniques are used to optimize net energy consumption (accounting for loss-reductions from energy recovery from regenerative braking) to achieve minimal lap time which is a crucial element in developing a competitive race strategy in Formula E races. A thermal battery model is used to impose thermal constraints on the optimal energy management strategy in order to realistically capture working constraints during a race. The effects of energy and thermal constraints on the proposed strategy are then demonstrated and two different pedal lifting techniques were introduced. Both the current second generation and a concept third generation type of formula-E cars are studied and compared. While third generation is significantly more efficient with 10% to 30% less energy consumption, it potentially faces more critical thermal issues with more than 60% more heat generation.

在本文中，使用最佳控制理论为电动方程式赛车的能量和热管理提出了新的解决方案。最佳控制技术用于优化净能量消耗（考虑到从再生制动中回收能量所导致的损失减少），以达到最小的圈速，这是制定E级方程式比赛策略的关键要素。热电池模型用于将热约束强加于最佳能量管理策略，以便在比赛中切实捕捉工作约束。然后证明了能量和热约束对所提出的策略的影响，并介绍了两种不同的踏板提升技术。研究和比较了当前的第二代和概念第三代的Formula E汽车。