Europe has a wealth of community forest arrangements. This paper aims to transcend the diversity of locally specific terms and forms, to highlight the value of considering them inclusively. Building on methods to make sense of diversity, we use reflexive grounded inquiry in fifteen cases in Italy, Scotland, Slovenia and Sweden. Within four dimensions (forest, community, relationships between them, and relationships with wider society), we identify 43 subdimensions to describe them collectively. Our approach shows how European arrangements contribute to wider discourses of collective natural resource management. Both tradition and innovation in Europe inform options for environmental governance. Arrangements challenge the distinction between ‘communities of place’ and ‘communities of interest’, with implications for social and environmental justice. They exemplify multilevel environmental governance through both vertical and horizontal connections. Emerging from long histories of political and environmental pressures, they have a role in enhancing society’s connection with nature and adaptive capacity.

欧洲有丰富的社区森林安排。本文旨在超越本地特定术语和形式的多样性，以强调将它们包括在内的价值。在理解多样性的方法的基础上，我们在意大利，苏格兰，斯洛文尼亚和瑞典的15个案例中使用了基于反思的探究。在四个维度（森林，社区，它们之间的关系以及与更广泛的社会的关系）中，我们确定了43个子维度来集体描述它们。我们的方法表明了欧洲的安排如何促进集体自然资源管理的广泛讨论。欧洲的传统和创新都为环境治理提供了选择。这些安排挑战了“地方社区”和“利益社区”之间的区别，对社会和环境正义产生了影响。它们通过垂直和水平连接体现了多级环境治理。它们源于长期的政治和环境压力历史，在增强社会与自然和适应能力的联系方面发挥着作用。