Vaccines are well-known therapies for infectious disease and cancer; however, recently, we and others have developed vaccines for other chronic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. Although we have many treatment options for hypertension, including angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers, calcium-channel blockers, and diuretics, a substantial portion of the hypertensive population has uncontrolled blood pressure due to poor medication adherence. When these vaccines are established in the future as therapeutic options for chronic diseases, their administration regimen, such as several times per year, will replace daily medication use. Thus, therapeutic vaccines might be a novel option to control the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Importantly, regarding the development of vaccines against self-antigens (i.e., angiotensin II), the vaccine should efficiently induce a blocking antibody response against the self-antigen without provoking cytotoxic T cells. Therefore, to address the safety and efficiency of therapeutic vaccines, we have developed an original B-cell vaccine to induce antibody production and used carrier proteins, which include exogenous T-cell epitopes through the major histocompatibility complex. In this review, we will introduce the challenges in developing therapeutic vaccines for chronic diseases and describe the therapeutic potential for cardiovascular diseases.

疫苗是众所周知的传染病和癌症疗法。然而，最近，我们和其他人已经开发出针对其他慢性疾病的疫苗，例如高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常。尽管我们有多种高血压治疗选择，包括血管紧张素 II 1 型受体阻滞剂、钙通道阻滞剂和利尿剂，但由于药物依从性差，很大一部分高血压人群的血压无法控制。当这些疫苗在未来被确立为慢性病的治疗选择时，它们的给药方案，例如每年几次，将取代日常用药。因此，治疗性疫苗可能是控制心血管疾病进展的新选择。重要的是，关于针对自身抗原的疫苗的开发（即，血管紧张素 II)，疫苗应有效诱导针对自身抗原的阻断抗体反应，而不会引起细胞毒性 T 细胞。因此，为了解决治疗性疫苗的安全性和效率问题，我们开发了一种原创的 B 细胞疫苗来诱导抗体的产生，并使用载体蛋白，其中包括通过主要组织相容性复合体的外源性 T 细胞表位。在这篇综述中，我们将介绍开发慢性病治疗性疫苗的挑战，并描述心血管疾病的治疗潜力。我们开发了一种原始的 B 细胞疫苗来诱导抗体产生，并使用载体蛋白，其中包括通过主要组织相容性复合体的外源性 T 细胞表位。在这篇综述中，我们将介绍开发慢性病治疗性疫苗的挑战，并描述心血管疾病的治疗潜力。我们开发了一种原始的 B 细胞疫苗来诱导抗体产生，并使用载体蛋白，其中包括通过主要组织相容性复合体的外源性 T 细胞表位。在这篇综述中，我们将介绍开发慢性病治疗性疫苗的挑战，并描述心血管疾病的治疗潜力。