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Synergizing Sulfonated Hydrothermal Carbon and Microwave Irradiation for Intensified Esterification Reaction
ACS Omega ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-11 , DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01660
Laddawan Tumkot 1 , Armando T Quitain 2, 3 , Panatpong Boonnoun 4 , Navadol Laosiripojana 5 , Tetsuya Kida 2 , Artiwan Shotipruk 1
Affiliation  

The synergy of sulfonated hydrothermal carbon and microwave (MW) irradiation was applied for the esterification of oleic acid with methanol (MeOH) to produce biodiesel. The effects of temperature, reaction time, ratio of oleic acid to methanol, and catalyst loading were investigated at a fixed MW power of 400 W. The addition of hexane, serving as a co-solvent and separator, was also investigated. The optimum conditions for the proposed process were oleic acid-to-methanol molar ratio of 1:5 and hexane-to-methanol ratio of 0.5 (v/v) in the presence of a 5 wt % catalyst, at 100 °C for 60 min, obtaining a 97% yield of oleic acid methyl ester. The addition of slight amounts of hexane resulted into an eightfold reduction in the amount of MeOH needed to obtain a yield above 90%, which normally required a MeOH-to-oil ratio of 40:1. This proposed novel approach could provide a more cost-effective method for the esterification of oil to produce biodiesel, that is, reactive separation utilizing carbon-based catalysts under MW irradiation.

中文翻译:


磺化热液碳和微波辐射协同强化酯化反应



磺化热液碳和微波(MW)辐射的协同作用被应用于油酸与甲醇(MeOH)的酯化生产生物柴油。在 400 W 的固定 MW 功率下研究了温度、反应时间、油酸与甲醇的比例以及催化剂负载量的影响。还研究了作为共溶剂和分离剂的己烷的添加。该工艺的最佳条件是油酸与甲醇的摩尔比为 1:5,己烷与甲醇的摩尔比为 0.5 (v/v),在 5 wt% 催化剂存在下,在 100 °C 下反应 60分钟,得到油酸甲酯收率97%。添加少量己烷可使获得 90% 以上产率所需的 MeOH 量减少八倍,而通常需要 40:1 的 MeOH 与油的比例。这种提出的新方法可以为油的酯化生产生物柴油提供一种更具成本效益的方法,即在MW辐照下利用碳基催化剂进行反应分离。
更新日期:2020-09-22
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