Genetic recombination characterized by reciprocal exchange of genes on paired homologous chromosomes is the most prominent event in meiosis of almost all sexually reproductive organisms. It contributes to genome stability by ensuring the balanced segregation of paired homologs in meiosis, and it is also the major driving factor in generating genetic variation for natural and artificial selection. Meiotic recombination is subjected to the control of a highly stringent and complex regulating process and meiotic recombination frequency (MRF) may be affected by biological and abiotic factors such as sex, gene density, nucleotide content and chemical/temperature treatments, having motivated tremendous researches for artificially manipulating MRF. Whether genome polyploidization would lead to a significant change in MRF has attracted both historical and recent research interests, however tackling this fundamental question is methodologically challenging due to the lack of appropriate methods for tetrasomic genetic analysis, thus has led to controversial conclusions in the literature. This paper presents a comprehensive and rigorous survey of genome duplication mediated change in MRF using S. cerevisiae as a eukaryotic model. It demonstrates that genome duplication can lead to consistently significant increase in MRF and rate of crossovers across all sixteen chromosomes of S. cerevisiae, including both cold and hot spots of MRF. This ploidy driven change in MRF is associated with weakened recombination interference, enhanced double-strand break density and loosened chromatin histone occupation. The study illuminates a significant evolutionary feature of genome duplication and opens an opportunity to accelerate response to artificial and natural selection through polyploidization.

中文翻译：

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基因组复制增加减数分裂重组频率：酿酒酵母模型。

以成对的同源染色体上的基因相互交换为特征的遗传重组是几乎所有有性生殖生物减数分裂中最突出的事件。它通过确保减数分裂中成对同源物的平衡分离而有助于基因组的稳定性，并且它也是产生自然和人工选择的遗传变异的主要驱动因素。减数分裂重组受到高度严格和复杂的调控过程的控制，减数分裂重组频率（MRF）可能会受到生物学和非生物因素（例如性别，基因密度，核苷酸含量和化学/温度处理）的影响，从而为人工操纵MRF。基因组多倍化是否会导致MRF发生重大变化已经引起了历史和最近的研究兴趣，但是由于缺乏合适的四体遗传分析方法，解决这个基本问题在方法上具有挑战性，因此在文献中引起了有争议的结论。本文提出了一个全面而严格的研究，利用基因组复制介导的MRF变化酿酒酵母作为真核模型。它表明基因组复制可以导致酿酒酵母的所有16条染色体（包括MRF的冷点和热点）的MRF持续显着增加和交叉速率。MRF的这种倍性驱动的变化与重组干扰减弱，双链断裂密度增强和染色质组蛋白占有率降低有关。该研究阐明了基因组复制的重要进化特征，并为通过多倍体化加速对人工和自然选择的响应提供了机会。