Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are a global health concern. Antibiotic resistance occurs naturally, but misuse of antibiotics in humans and animals is accelerating the process of antibiotic resistance emergency, which has been aggravated by exposure to molecules of antibiotics present in clinical and agricultural settings and the engagement of many countries in water reuse especially in Middle East and North Africa region. Bacteriophages have the potential to be significant actors in ARGs transmission through the transduction process. These viruses have been detected along with ARGs in non impacted habitats and in anthropogenic impacted environments like wastewater, reclaimed water and manure amended soil as well as minimally processed food and ready to eat vegetables. The ubiquity of bacteriophages and their persistence in the environment raises concern about their involvement in ARGs transmission among different biomes and the generation of pathogenic‐resistant bacteria that pose a great threat to human health. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the potential role of bacteriophages in the dissemination and the transfer of ARGs to pathogens in food production and processing and the consequent contribution to antibiotic resistance transmission through faecal oral route carrying ARGs to our dishes.

中文翻译：

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噬菌体在农业食品系统中作为抗生素抗性基因的载体

抗生素抗性基因（ARG）是全球性的健康问题。抗生素耐药性是自然发生的，但是人与动物滥用抗生素正在加速抗生素耐药性紧急情况的进程，由于临床和农业环境中存在的抗生素分子的暴露以及许多国家（尤其是在中部地区）参与水的再利用，加剧了这种情况东非和北非地区。噬菌体有可能在转导过程的ARGs传播中起重要作用。已在非受影响的栖息地和人为影响的环境（如废水，再生水和粪肥改良土壤）中以及在经过最低限度加工的食物和即食蔬菜中检测到了这些病毒和ARG。噬菌体的普遍存在及其在环境中的持久性使人们担心它们参与了不同生物群系之间的ARGs传播以及对人类健康构成极大威胁的抗病原性细菌的产生。这篇综述的目的是概述噬菌体在食品生产和加工过程中将ARG传播和转移到病原体中的潜在作用，以及由此导致的耐药性通过将ARG携带到我们菜中的粪便口服途径的传播。