Soil water and heat transfer is one of the most important parts of water and energy partition between atmosphere and land surface, and it is more complicated over the cold regions. In this study, the observed soil moisture and temperature are selected from four sites over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) to evaluate the performances two versions of Community Land Model (CLM), that is, CLM4.5 and CLM5.0. In addition, soil temperature observations from 67 sites and soil moisture observations from Maqu and Naqu monitoring network over the TP were used to evaluate the performances of regional simulations. The results indicated that the simulated soil temperature generally coincided with that of the observed, while CLM5.0 outputs are closer to the observed soil temperature in the arid and semiarid regions compared to CLM4.5. Generally, CLM5.0 tended to overestimate soil moisture at most sites at four soil depths (5, 10, 20, and 40 cm) but got some improvements at Maqu site. The overestimation of soil moisture was mainly caused by the introduction of a dry surface layer‐based (DSL) soil evaporation resistance parameterization in CLM5.0, which improves the soil evaporation simulation over the TP, especially in the semiarid region. Moreover, we tried to distinguish the factors that affect the soil water and heat transfer in the models. The results showed that soil property data play a main role in soil water and heat transfer modeling.

中文翻译：

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使用两种社区土地表面模型（CLM）比较青藏高原土壤水分和传热模型

土壤水和热传递是大气与陆地表面水和能量分配的最重要部分之一，在寒冷地区更为复杂。在本研究中，从青藏高原（TP）的四个位置选择了观测到的土壤湿度和温度，以评估两种类型的社区土地模型（CLM）的性能，即CLM4.5和CLM5.0。此外，还使用了TP上67个站点的土壤温度观测值和Maqu和Naqu监测网络的土壤湿度观测值来评估区域模拟的性能。结果表明，模拟土壤温度与观测值基本一致，而CLM5.0的输出与CLM4.5相比更接近干旱和半干旱地区的观测土壤温度。通常，CLM5。0倾向于在四个土壤深度（5、10、20和40 cm）的大多数站点上高估土壤湿度，但在玛曲站点上有所改善。土壤水分的高估主要是由于在CLM5.0中引入了基于干表层（DSL）的土壤蒸发阻力参数化，这改善了TP上的土壤蒸发模拟，尤其是在半干旱地区。此外，我们试图在模型中区分影响土壤水分和热传递的因素。结果表明，土壤属性数据在土壤水和热传递模型中起主要作用。土壤水分的高估主要是由于在CLM5.0中引入了基于干表层（DSL）的土壤蒸发阻力参数化，这改善了TP上的土壤蒸发模拟，尤其是在半干旱地区。此外，我们试图在模型中区分影响土壤水分和热传递的因素。结果表明，土壤属性数据在土壤水和热传递模型中起主要作用。土壤水分的高估主要是由于在CLM5.0中引入了基于干表层（DSL）的土壤蒸发阻力参数化，这改善了TP上的土壤蒸发模拟，尤其是在半干旱地区。此外，我们试图在模型中区分影响土壤水分和热传递的因素。结果表明，土壤属性数据在土壤水和热传递模型中起主要作用。