Impact craters are the dominant features on the Moon, and their degradation with time is the most common geological process on this body. This work is aimed at detailed quantitative characterization of this process. We quantitatively characterize crater materials by (1) the topographic roughness calculated from Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter and (2) rock abundances and nighttime soil temperatures derived from Diviner measurements. In contrast to preceding works, we separately consider crater material subunits: central peaks, floors, walls, and continuous ejecta to study their degradation in detail. We mapped totally 4,770 individual crater material subunits. All subunits of the youngest craters are characterized by increased roughness, rock abundance, and soil temperature. These parameters decrease with age and tend toward equilibrium, stable state; the continuous ejecta reach equilibrium more rapidly than other subunits. Kilometer‐baseline roughness of crater walls in the lunar maria is higher than in the highlands. Rock abundances and soil temperatures of the walls and floors of simple craters in the maria are also higher than in the highlands. We attribute these trends to differences in the mechanical properties of the target materials. Although the properties studied are not exact proxies for age, they can be used to assess individual age predictions; for example, several craters that were erroneously classified as Copernican have been detected. We also found that the unusual thermophysical signature of the walls of the Late Imbrian crater Bonpland D is due to recent regolith flows that could have been caused by a strong, shallow seismic event.

中文翻译：

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月球撞击坑材料的定量表征：地形粗糙度和热物理性质随年龄的变化

撞击坑是月球的主要特征，随着时间的推移，撞击坑是该机体最常见的地质过程。这项工作旨在对该过程进行详细的定量表征。我们通过（1）从月球轨道激光测高仪计算出的地形粗糙度和（2）从Diviner测量得出的岩石丰度和夜间土壤温度来定量表征火山口材料。与之前的工作相比，我们分别考虑了陨石坑的物质亚基：中心峰，底板，壁和连续喷出物，以详细研究其降解。我们共绘制了4,770个火山口材料亚单位的地图。最年轻的陨石坑的所有亚基都具有增加的粗糙度，岩石丰度和土壤温度的特征。这些参数随着年龄的增长而降低，并趋于平衡，稳定。连续射血比其他亚基更快地达到平衡。月球玛丽亚陨石坑壁的公里基线粗糙度要比高地高。玛丽亚简单火山口的墙壁和地板的岩石丰度和土壤温度也比高地高。我们将这些趋势归因于目标材料的机械性能差异。尽管所研究的属性不是确切的年龄代理，但它们可用于评估个人的年龄预测；例如，已经发现了几个被错误地归类为哥白尼的陨石坑。我们还发现，晚伊伯利亚陨石坑邦普兰D壁的不寻常的热物理特征是由于最近的重砾石流，这可能是由强烈的浅层地震事件引起的。