The application of (bio)wastes as alternatives to expensive existing catalysts is an approach that can be used to reduce environmental pollution problems. Animal bone wastes have attracted much attention as environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalysts for chemical transformations such as transesterification, oxidation, and biofuel production, owing to the substantial availability of valuable hydroxyapatite (HAp) in their structure. Most catalysts based on bone can be prepared easily by calcination. High‐temperature calcination yields highly active catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysts prepared from these renewable sources could also simply be reused and recovered without any important loss of catalytic performance. This paper reviews past efforts and recent progress on the development of different eco‐friendly catalysts derived from bone waste and some of their catalyzed chemical transformations. However, future challenges focus on crediting the conversion of unusable wastes to valuable sources to meet global requirements © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

中文翻译：

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来自骨废料的低成本和可持续的（纳米）催化剂：催化应用和生物燃料生产

使用（生物）废料替代昂贵的现有催化剂是一种可用于减少环境污染问题的方法。由于其结构中有价值的羟基磷灰石（HAp）的大量可利用性，动物骨废料作为用于化学转化（如酯交换，氧化和生物燃料生产）的环保型多相催化剂引起了广泛关注。大多数基于骨骼的催化剂可以通过煅烧轻松制备。高温煅烧产生高活性催化剂。由这些可再生资源制备的多相催化剂也可以简单地重复使用和回收，而不会造成任何重要的催化性能损失。本文回顾了过去在发展源自骨废料的各种生态友好型催化剂及其催化的化学转化方面的努力和最新进展。但是，未来的挑战集中在将无法使用的废物转化为有价值的废料以满足全球要求上。©2020年化学工业协会和John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd.。