This study aimed to evaluate the use of Doppler ultrasound for determining alterations in uterine thickness and uterine arteries, use of chromohysteroscopy in evaluating endometritis with biopsies, and the impact of endometritis on oxidative and hormonal status. Twenty Arabian mares were divided into control and endometritis groups. Each underwent a physical examination, Doppler ultrasound, chromoendoscopy, and uterine biopsy. Blood samples from each animal were collected for hematologic, hormonal, and oxidative analysis. Results revealed a significant increase in estradiol, malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide metabolites (NOMs) associated with a significant decrease in progesterone and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the endometritis group. There was a significant difference in uterine thickness in the endometritis group. Uterine blood flow analyzed by color mode showed a significant increase in the endometritis group, while the spectral mode showed a significant increase in Doppler velocities and blood flow rate accompanied by a significant decrease in Doppler indices. The endometritis group showed ridged, bluish color in the endometrial wall, indicating hyperemia. Biopsy showed mononuclear inflammatory cells and edema in the endometrial interstitial tissue with sloughing of the epithelial lining. Conclusion: Endometritis in mares is associated with oxidative processes and presents with an increase in MDA and NOMs and a decrease in TAC. Doppler ultrasound improved endometritis diagnosis because it showed alterations in uterine vascularization. Chromoendoscopy improved the accuracy in taking biopsy samples because it allows the practitioner to select appropriate areas for biopsy to improve histopathological diagnostic outcomes. Therefore, this technique is worthy of further study in the field of veterinary equine reproduction.

中文翻译：

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患有子宫内膜炎的母马的子宫血流动力学模式、氧化应激和色素内镜检查

本研究旨在评估多普勒超声在确定子宫厚度和子宫动脉变化中的使用、宫腔色素镜在活检评估子宫内膜炎中的使用，以及子宫内膜炎对氧化和激素状态的影响。二十匹阿拉伯母马被分为对照组和子宫内膜炎组。每个人都接受了身体检查、多普勒超声、色素内镜检查和子宫活检。收集每只动物的血样用于血液学、激素和氧化分析。结果显示，子宫内膜炎组雌二醇、丙二醛 (MDA) 和一氧化氮代谢物 (NOM) 的显着增加与孕酮和总抗氧化能力 (TAC) 的显着降低相关。子宫内膜炎组的子宫厚度有显着差异。彩色模式分析的子宫血流显示子宫内膜炎组显着增加，而光谱模式显示多普勒速度和血流率显着增加，同时多普勒指数显着下降。子宫内膜炎组子宫内膜壁呈脊状、蓝色，提示充血。活检显示子宫内膜间质组织有单核炎性细胞和水肿，上皮内层脱落。结论：母马的子宫内膜炎与氧化过程有关，表现为 MDA 和 NOM 增加以及 TAC 减少。多普勒超声改善了子宫内膜炎的诊断，因为它显示了子宫血管化的改变。色素内镜提高了活检样本的准确性，因为它允许从业者选择合适的活检区域以改善组织病理学诊断结果。因此，该技术值得在兽医马繁殖领域进一步研究。