Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) can be considered the leading cause of dry eye disease (DED) and one of the most common ophthalmic disorders found in clinical practice. The growing body of literature provides a substantial amount of information on this condition, but more efforts are needed to better interpret research data and to properly apply them to daily clinical practice., In this article, we reviewed the most recent publications on MGD diagnosis and management, focusing on the highest available level of evidence, provided by well-designed and well-reported studies on humans., Latest evidences on MGD diagnosis are mainly focused on imaging techniques, including meibography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and in vivo confocal microscopy. Meibographic parameters, such as drop-out and glands’ distortion, show great diagnostic accuracy, which accounts for their widespread use in clinical practice and research., Recent randomized controlled clinical trials on MGD treatment provided data on the role of antibiotics, steroids, essential fatty acids, intraductal meibomian gland probing, electronic heating devices and intense pulsed light therapy.

睑板腺功能障碍（MGD）被认为是干眼病（DED）的主要原因，也是临床实践中发现的最常见的眼科疾病之一。越来越多的文献提供了有关这种情况的大量信息，但是需要更多的努力来更好地解释研究数据并将其正确地应用于日常临床实践。在本文中，我们回顾了有关MGD诊断和治疗的最新出版物。管理，重点是经过精心设计和报告的人体研究所提供的最高证据水平。关于MGD诊断的最新证据主要集中在成像技术上，包括磁共振成像，光学相干断层扫描（OCT）和体内共聚焦显微镜。代谢物参数如脱落和腺体变形显示出很高的诊断准确性，这解释了它们在临床实践和研究中的广泛应用。最近关于MGD治疗的随机对照临床试验提供了有关抗生素，类固醇，必需的作用的数据。脂肪酸，导管内睑板腺探测，电子加热设备和强脉冲光疗法。