Abstract Superhydrophobic titanium (Ti) and its alloys have attracted considerable attention due to their application potentials; however, it is very difficult to obtain directly superhydrophobic surfaces on the Ti substrate by the anodization method. In the present work, TiO2 pinecone-like micro/nanostructures (TPSs) were fabricated on the Ti substrate by the anodization method. It was found that the sample surfaces without chemical modification were superhydrophilic and then became superhydrophobic after their exposure to air for a long time. After the high-temperature annealing treatment, the time required for the superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic wettability transition with the maximum water contact angle (WCA) of ~153° and sliding angle (SA) of ~0° was reduced from 81 days to 63 days. The surface chemistry and morphology analysis indicated that the wettability transition mainly occurred by the adsorption of organic compounds from ambient air and the trapped air in the microstructure. Furthermore, the superhydrophobic surfaces had excellent anti-icing and self-cleaning properties and long-term stability

中文翻译：

---

阳极氧化法在钛基体上制备具有抗冰和自清洁性能的无改性剂超疏水表面

摘要 超疏水钛（Ti）及其合金因其应用潜力而备受关注。然而，通过阳极氧化方法直接在 Ti 基体上获得超疏水表面是非常困难的。在目前的工作中，TiO2 松果状微/纳米结构 (TPS) 通过阳极氧化方法在 Ti 基板上制造。发现未经化学修饰的样品表面是超亲水的，长时间暴露在空气中后变为超疏水。高温退火处理后，最大水接触角（WCA）为~153°，滑动角（SA）为~0°的超亲水到超疏水润湿性转变所需的时间从81天减少到63天。表面化学和形貌分析表明，润湿性转变主要是由于从环境空气中吸附有机化合物和微结构中截留的空气而发生的。此外，超疏水表面具有优异的防冰和自清洁性能以及长期稳定性